The fifth time
《汉英翻译基础》 绪论
1.翻译在西方 2. 翻译在中国
第一章 汉译英的理论基础 1.3.4 汉译英的标准
例子： 太阳－sun 他望着蔚兰的天空。－He looked at the blue sky. 禁止吸烟－No Smoking 乒乓－ping-pong 千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。－From hill to hill no bird in flight, From path to path no man in sight. 接收竟成劫搜。－Taking-over turns out to be loot-taking. 这架飞机该有多大的重量啊！它载着解放区人名的心，载着全中国人民的希望，载着我们国家的命运。－What a heavy load this aerophane bore! It carried the hearts of the people of the liberated areas, the hopes of the entire Chinese people, and the destiny of our country. 林老师：您身体好吗？我们特别想您， 女同学都哭了，后来就不哭了，后来我们作算术，题目特别特别难，我们费了半天劲，中于算出来了„„ 看着信，林震不禁独自笑起来，他拿起笔把“中于”改成“终于”，准备在回信时告诉他们下次要避免别字。－ “Dear Teacher Lin: How are you? We miss you very, very much. After you left all the girls cried and then we did some very, very difficult sums. It was much hard work, but we finally got it rite in the end…” Reading the letter, Lin couldn’t help smiling to himself. He changed “rite” to “right” thinking that he should tell them to be more careful with their spelling next time they wrote. 诗中有画，画中有诗。－There is poetry in the paintings, and there are paintings in the poetry. 人无千日好，花无百日红。－Man cannot be always fortunate; flowers do not last forever. 满招损，谦受益。－Haughtiness invites losses while modesty brings profits.
小桔灯－lamp 年饭－family reunion meal on the eve of the Spring Festival 除了我这间房，大院里还有二十多间房呢。一共住着多少家子，谁说得清？住两间房的就不多，又搭上今儿个搬来，明儿个又搬走。我没那么好的记性。大家见面，招呼声“吃了吗？”透着和气。－Besides the room we occupy there are twenty more rooms in the same compound. How many families live there, only God knows. Those who occupy two rooms are very few. Besides, they are always on the go(moving in today and moving out tomorrow). I haven’t got such a good memory as to remember all that. When people meet, they pass the time of the day with each other, just to show their good neighbourly feelings. 正是呢！我一见了妹妹，一心都在他身上，又是喜欢，又是伤心，竟忘记了老祖宗。该打，该打！－I was so carried away by joy and sorrow at sight of my little cousin. I forgot our Old Ancestress. I deserve to be caned. 1.3.5汉译英的过程
例子：扑克牌打烂了。－The playing cards are already in shred. 他的衣服穿烂了。－His clothes are worn-out. 走一步看一步。－Take one step and look around before taking another. 我银行里为你挂个名，你白天去走走，晚上教教我儿子，一面找机会，好不好？－I’ll put you on the payroll at the bank. You can drop in during the day and in the evening tutor my son while looking for a job. How’s that? 中国留学服务中心－Chinese Service Centre for Scholarly Exchange 国际旅行健康证明书－Health Certificate for International Traveller 国际旅游年－International Year of Tourism 此复印件与原件相符－After checking the copy is in coordination with the original. 烹饪法 将鱼翅用清水浸一小时后再用滚水煲约半个小时，换水后加入姜，酒煨二十分钟，再连同鸡或上汤煲约三小时，即可成滋补养颜美味食品。－DIRECTION 1.Put shark’s fin in water for one hour and then boil it in fresh water for about half an hour. 2. Change water and boil it together with ginger and wine for twenty minutes. 3. Cook it in soup with chicken, ham and other ingredients for about three hours. 海上花园－Flower Garden by the Sea 汉语茶话会－Chinese-Speaking party 世界风云－World Affairs Review 半边天－Women 经济半小时－Economic 30 Minutes 虽败犹荣－successful failure 减肥法―weight loss method 特快专递－express mail 我国中央电视台对外广播节目－CCTV Overseas Services 英国广播公司对外广播－BBC External Services 真好玩儿！－What fun! 招贴即撕－Post No Bills 她的节目不理想－Her performance is not satisfactory. 这山望见那山高。－People always think the grass is greener on the other side. 肝炎是全球关注的健康问题。－Hepatitis is a global health problem. Asia is the worst hit area. 你是怎么溜出来的？简直易如反掌。－How did you get escaped? Well, it’s a piece of cake.
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第二章 汉译英的词语处理 2.1指称意义的翻译
例子：垂直－vertical dimension 合同－contract 接电话－answer the telephone 红茶－black tea 遗产－legacy, estate, inheritance 税－tax, duty, tariff, bond 中华人民共和国海关对进出上海外高桥保税区货物，运输工具和个人携带物品的管理办法－（a）Measures of the Customs of the People’s Republic of China Concerning the Administration of the Goods, Means of Transport, and Articles Carried by Individuals to be Brought into or out of the Bonded Area of Outer Gaoqiao in Shanghai. (b)Procedures of Customs of the People’s Republic of China for the Control over the Goods, Means of Transport and Personal Articles Entering or Leaving the Shanghai Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone. 求职者中间有机关干部、普通工人、合资企业雇员„„－Among the applicants are government functionaries, ordinary workers, employees of joint ventures… 2.1.1直译法
例子：芦笛岩是桂林最精彩的岩洞。－Reed Flute Cave is the most magnificent of all in Guilin. 对外开放取得新进展。1990年共批准“三资”企业99家，全省“三资”企业已达284家。－New progress has been made in the process of opening to the outside world. In 1990, the province approved 99 “Three Forms of Ventures”(Sino-foreign joint ventures, cooperative enterprises and wholly foreign-funded enterprises), the total number of the “Three Forms of Ventures” reached 284. 常规科学－normal science 入学－to be enrolled in 毕业－to graduate 新闻照片－press photo 文章标题－title 报纸标题－headings 大字标题－headline 列车中的慢车－local train 特快列车－limited express 豪华铁路客车－parlor car 特许权使用费―royality 继承人－heir 白酒－spirits/liquor 干货－dried food and nuts(as merchandise) 租船给游客－hire 红眼－pink eye/to be green-eyed 减肥操－slimnastics 街道妇女－housewives of residential areas
东风时空－Oriental Time and Space 人与自然－People and Nature 音乐桥－Music Bridge 与你同行－Going Along with You 国际影院－International Cinema 环球45分钟－Around the Globe in 45 Minutes 体育栏－Sports Section
世界知识产权组织－World Intellectual Property Organization 中华全国青年联合会－All-China Federation of Youth 中华全国妇女联合会（全国妇联）－All-China Women’s Federation(ACWF) 中华全国总工会－All-China Federation of Trade Unions 中国国际贸易促进委员会－China Council for the Promotion of International Trade 海关总署－General Customs Administration 中国商品检验局－Commodity Inspection Bureau of the P. R. C. 上海市外国投资工作委员会－Shanghai Foreign Investment Commission 上海市工商行政管理局－Shanghai Industry and Commerce Bureau 中国远洋运输总公司－China General Ocean Shipping Company 深圳市粮食进出口公司－Shenzhen Cereal, Oil and Foodstuff Import and Export Company 上海仪器仪表工业供销公司－Shanghai Instruments and Meters Industry Supply and Marketing Corporation 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所－Dalian Chemistry and Physics Research Institute under the Chinese Academy of Science
（副）主席－(vice-)president, (vice-)chairman （副）总理－(vice-)premier 总书记－general secretary （副）部长－(vice-)minister （副）主任－(deputy)director （副）处长－(deputy)division chief （副）科长－(deputy)section chief （副）教授－(associate)professor 讲师－lecturer 助教－assistant teacher （副）研究员－(associate)research fellow 助理研究员－assistant research fellow （副）编审－(associate)professor of editorship (助理)编辑－（assistant）editor 主任医师－professor of medicine 主治医师－consultant 高级经济师－senior business engineer 高级会计师－senior accountant 高级统计师－senior statistician
假冒伪劣商品－fake or poor quality commodities 出口退税制－the export tax refund system 汇率并轨－a uniform exchange rate 国有商业银行－commercial state banks 国务院主管部门－the competent department of the State Council 涉外会计事务所－an accounting firm authorized to handle foreign-related accounting business 调价措施－price-regulating measures 进出口税－import/export duties 所得税－income tax 最惠国待遇－most-favoured nation treatment 《关贸总协定》－The General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade 《中国教育改革和发展纲要》－The Outline for Reform and Development of Education in China 《妇女权益保护法》－Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of Women “工程制图能力的剖析和训练”－Analysing and Training of Ability for Engineering Cartography “不断改善两岸交流条件，发展两岸航空旅游事业”－Continuously Improving the Conditions of Exchanges by Developing Air Transportation on Both Sides of the Taiwan Strait “区域旅游研究”－On Regional Tourism
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《上海大风暴》－The Big Storm over Shanghai 《北京人在纽约》－A Native of Beijing in New York 《中国商人》－Chinese Businessmen 《戏剧人生》－Dramatic Life 《大潮汐》－On the Tidal Wave 《女人不是月亮》－Women Are Not the Moon “飞鸽”牌自行车－ “Flying Pigeon” Bicycles “小天鹅”洗衣机－ “Little Swan” Washer “飞轮”牌罐头－“Flying Wheel”Brand Tins “三鹅牌”图钉－“Three Geese”Drawing Pins “琴鸟”牌丝绸时装－ “Lyrebird” Brand Silk Clothes “活力”奶－ “Vitality Milk” “钻石”牌手表－ “Diamond” Brand Wrist Watches 2.1.2意译法 例子：在农村，特别是比较偏僻落后的农村，还残存着少数包办买卖婚姻的陋习。－In China’s more remote and backward rural areas, corrupt practices exist in the form of forced marriages… 有目共赏，上海牌电视机－Shanghai TV, seeing is believing 《走下神坛的毛泽东》－Mao Zedong, Man, Not God
以下称甲方－hereinafter called Party A 理顺物价关系－to balance price relationship 上市股票－listed shares/stocks 股票行情指数－index of stock price 分流企业富于人员－to resettle the surplus labour force of enterprises 优惠的税收和价格政策－preferential policies on taxation and pricing 过境贸易－transit trade “创造市场营销与旅游规划的统一”－Integrating Tourism Market with Planning 随身携带的小件－carry-on luggage 托运的行李－checked baggage 中餐经营粤、鲁、川、淮扬及穆斯林风味菜肴－The Chinese restaurants offer Cantonese, Shandong, Sichuan, Huaiyang and Xinjiang Moslem Cuisine
随笔栏－gossip column 话说中国－China Discovery 华夏风情－Kaleidoscope 银幕觅踪－Movies and Stars 体坛掠影－Sports and Sportsmen 天涯共此时－Sharing the Moment 热门话题－hot-discussed subject 《计划生育工作纲要》－The Program for Family Planning “妇女－一个永恒的话题”－Women: The Debate Goes on “关于在我国沿海地区兴建樱花退休花园的设想”：An Envisagement of Building “Cherry Holiday Resorts for the Retired” in the Coastal Area 《儒商》－Intellectuals Go In for Business 《过把瘾》－Eat, Drink, and Be Merry 《旅游天地》－Travelling Scope 《人民画报》－China Pictorial 《大视野》－Global Vision
领导班子年轻化、知识化、专业化－a younger, better-educated and more professional leadership 团结奋斗，开拓进取－to work hard with a united and pioneering spirit 八七扶贫攻坚计划－the plan to assist 80 million people in having sufficient food and clothing within seven years 鼓励妇女参政议政－to encourage women to participate in government and political affairs 小康水平－a relatively comfortable standard of living 脱贫致富－to shake off poverty and set out on the road to prosperity 2.1.3音译法 例子：《针眼儿胡同的片警》－Police Officers in Zhenyan’er Hutong 姑苏城外寒山寺，夜伴钟声到客船。－Outside the city of Suzhou Is resounding a distant knell. It is Han Shan Monastery Toward us, tolling its midnight bell.
秧歌－yangko 杂碎－chop-suey 饺子－jiaozi 馄炖－Huntun 大饼－dabin 油条－youtiao 舢板－sampan 衙门－yamen/yamum “一枝春”牌连衣裙－ “Yizhichun”Brand Dress “增产”牌洗衣皂－ “Zengchan” Brand Washing Soap 秦皇岛耀华玻璃厂－Qinhuangdao Yaohua Glass Works 三联企业有限公司－Sanlian Enterprise Ltd. 烟台张裕葡萄酿酒公司－Yantai Zhangyu Grape Wine Company 上海新江机器厂－Shanghai Xinjiang Machinery Plant
2.1.4音译意译结合法
例子：绿丹兰－Ludanlan cosmetics 稳得福－Wonderful Restaurant 《唐明皇》－Emperor Tang Ming Huang “索”牌－Solid
2.2言内意义的翻译 2.2.1重复
例子：沉默啊！沉默啊！不在沉默中爆发，就在沉默中灭亡。－Silence! Silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence. 于是，暮色中匆匆的人群里，总有我赶路的身影，雨里、雾里，风里，雪里，只盼着早些回家„„－Thus the gathering dusk often finds me hastening home in a hurrying crowd. Whether it rains or snows, windy or foggy, it is the longing to be home that quickens my steps. 判断我们各方面工作的是非得失，归根到底，要以是否有利于发展社会主义社会的生产力，是否有利于增强我国的综合国力，是否有利于提高人民的生活水平为标准－In the final analysis, the criterion for judging the success or failure of our work in various fields is whether it helps to develop the productive forces of socialist society, to strengthen the overall capacity of the country and to improve the people’s living standards. 2.2.2叠词
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例子：tom-tom－打鼓声 bubble-bubble－沸腾声 talkee-talkee－喋喋不休 hush-hush－秘密的 chowchow－混杂的 寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚。„„梧桐更兼细雨，到黄昏，点点滴滴。„„－I look for what I miss, I know not what it is, I feel so sad, so drear, So lonely, without cheer…On parasol-trees a fine rain drizzles As twilight grizzles. 小路两边，是两行小柳树。树枝细细的，柳叶沙沙响。嫩叶上刷着一层白色的绒毛...－Two rows of small willows lined the path. The twigs were slender, with rustling leaves covered by a layer of white villus. 桥面上主塔高90米，呈双扇面形斜拉起392根碗口粗的缆索，使主跨桥梁稳稳地落在桥墩上，保证了大桥的稳定性和抗震能力。－Its main bridgeheads are 90 meters high each, pulling 392 thick slanting cables together in the shape of double fans, so that the central span of the bridge is well poised on the piers and the bridge’s stability and vibration resistance are ensured. 2.2.3双关 例子：“娘，他们„„是要剥我们中国人的脸皮啊，你知道吗？”骄阳下，柳树上，回答他的是一片“知了，知了”的蝉声。--“Mother, what they asked me to do was not…but to lose face for all Chinese! Don’t you see?” In the scorching sun, from the willow tree, came the confirming reply of the cicada’s chirmp: “See, see…” 拿锄头刨黄莲—挖苦。—To dig Cotis with a hoe—dig. 再试纺，顶多忙一阵子，过了几天，还不是外甥打灯笼—照舅（照旧）。--And if we’re now going to have a check spinning, it’ll only mean that we’ll be busier than ever for a spell and then after a few days things will be back to what they were before. 2.2.4拈连 例子：蜜蜂是在酿蜜，又是在酿造生活；不是为自己，而是为人类酿造最甜蜜的生活。—Making honey is also creating life, a most sweet life, not for themselves but for others. 几件小摆设，每一件都代表着一个故事，珍藏着它们就像珍藏着一份份美好的回忆。—There are several small souvenirs, each with a story behind it, which I treasure as so many happy memories. 2.2.5一语双叙
例子：作品的生命力，大约和作家的胆识大有关系；短命，常常是由于短见。—The vitality of a work is probably closely related to the courage and insight of its author; its short-livedness is often due to its author’s short-sightedness. 美女话西施，美酒推灵芝。—As the Emperor’s favorite, Xi Shi was the most beautiful of women, so is Lingzhi Medicated Liquor the most beautiful of wines. 2.2.6音韵
例子：一册在手，纵览全球。—The Globe brings you the world in a single copy. 正如民间所说：“宁要浦西一张床，不要浦东一间房”。——A famous phrase in Shanghai for a time is, “I’d rather own a bed on the western bank than an apartment on the eastern bank.”
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