Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟1340(?)~1400 The father of English poetry. ① first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English ② II The Renaissance Period A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world. Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival: 1. new discoveries in geography and astrology 2. the religious reformation and economic expansion 3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture The most famous dramatists: Christopher Marlowe William Shakespeare Ben Johnson. William Shakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616 ① Historical plays: Henry VI 亨利六世; Henry IV : Richard III 查理三 世; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII ②Four Comedies: < A Midsummer Night’S Dream>仲夏夜之梦; ③Four Tragedies: ④Shakespeare Sonnet :154 Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme. ⑤ the comedy of errors 错中错， Titus Andronicus泰特斯·安特洛尼克斯，The Taming of the shrew 驯悍记 Love's labour's lost （爱的徒劳） Romeo and Juliet 罗密欧与朱丽叶 Much ado about nothing（无事生非）The merry wives of Windsor. 温莎的风流娘们 King John 约翰王 All's well that ends well 终成眷属 Measure for measure（一报还一报） Bacon: Of Studies; Of Beauty; Of Marriage and Single Life English 1 / 8 Bourgeois Revolution， Milton：1608~1674 Paradise Lost; Samson Agonistes (力士参孙); On the morning of Christ’s Nativity， Bunyan: 1628~1688 ①Religionary Allegory: Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinner; the Holy War John Don: the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人). Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poet’s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought） The Flea; 跳蚤 Forbbiding Mourning， Songs And Sonnets歌与十四行诗，emergent occasions 突变引起的诚念 Hely sonnets IV The 18th Century：Enlightenment A revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感) and accuracy The Age of Enlightenment/Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality), equality&science(the 18th century) 小说崛起：In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised(realistic novel现实主义小说) Gothic novel(哥特式小说)：mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century) Jonathan Swift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745 （十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。） ① Lilliput 小人国 Brobdingnag 大人国 Flying Island 飞岛 Houyhnhnm 马岛 一个小小的建议 ② ③ 木桶的故事 ④ Daniel Defoe丹尼尔•笛福1660~1731 （小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。）He is the first writer study of the lower-class people, his language is 2 / 8 smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel. ① It praise the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan. Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life. It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England. ② ④ Henry Fielding亨利•菲尔丁1707~1754 The funder of the English realistic world He is called “Father of English novel”. He was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose”(散文体史诗), and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. ① novels: ① A happy and innocent world from children’s eye. ② A word of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone from men eyes. Include: Lamb is a symbol of peace and purity Tyger is a symbol of dread and oiolence ③ The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century. Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗 ① ② 一朵红红的玫瑰 ③ ④ 不管那一套 3 / 8 ⑤ ⑦ The romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Romanticism:It emphasize the specialqualitie of each individual’s mind.(人应该是独立自由的个体) In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace. Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic). “The Lake Poets”湖畔诗人，who lived in the lake district. William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert Southey William Wordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850 ① ② ③My Heart Leaps up When I Behold，④Above Tintern Abbey; ⑤Intimations of Immortality ⑥Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey ⑦ The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女 ⑧ （拜伦式英雄Byronic heroes孤傲、狂热、浪漫，却充满了反抗精神。内心充满了孤独与苦闷，却又蔑视群小。恰尔德•哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个“拜伦式英雄”。） “Byronic hero” is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, against tyrannical rules or moral principles. ① ② ① Poetic Drama： Theme: the drama celebraies man’s victory over tyranny and oppression ② Love's Philosophy; The Cloud; To a Skylark(致云雀); John Keats约翰•济慈1795~1821 (“美即是真，真即是美”是他的著名诗句。) ① Four great odes: VI The Victorian Period 1832-1900 English Critical Realism(Victorian Era) 4 / 8 Common sense and moral propreity, again became the predominant preoccupation. Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common people and everyday events. Charles Dickens查尔斯•狄更斯1812~1870 （批判现实主义小说家）the greatest representative of English critical realist writer ① ⑥ ⑧ 双城记(London & Paris) ⑨ ⑩ ① Jane Austen简•奥斯丁1775~1817 She compared her works to a fine engraving upon a literary piece of ivory only inches squire. ① ① ① < Wuthering Heights>呼啸山庄 < Old Stoic> George Eliot乔治•艾略特1819~1880 ① Mid and Late 19th Century Robert Browning罗伯特•白朗宁1812~1889 ① < My Last Dutchess>我已故的公爵夫人 ② < Home Thoughts From Abroad>海外乡思 Men and Women; Dramatic Lyrics; Pippa Paaaes; The Ring and the Book; Elizabeth Barrett Browing: ① Christina. G. Rossetti: 1830-1894 Seek and Find; A Story for Girls; Song; A Birthday VII 1900~1950 The 20th Century 5 / 8 Playwrights ① Oscar Wilde ② George Bernard Shaw Henrry James: the wings of a dove; a portrait of a women; Daisy Miller; the ambassadors; the golden bowl George Bernard Shaw乔治•伯纳•萧1856~1950 (英国杰出的批判现实主义剧作家）critical realistic dramatist ① Plays Unpleasant ② Plays Pleasant （小说多以农村生活为背景；自然主义小说家。Wessex novels; novels of character and environment） ⑴ Novels ① < Tess Of The D’Urbervilles>德伯家的苔丝 Theme:experience is as to intensity, and not as to duration ② < Jude The Obscure>无名的裘德 ③ < Under The Greenwood Tree>绿荫下 ④ < Far From The Madding Crowd>远离尘嚣 ⑤ < The Mayor Of Casterbridge>卡斯特桥市长 ⑥ < The Return of the Native>还乡 ⑵ Poems ： Wessex Poems And Other Verses ， Poems Of The Past And Present The Dynasts 列国 Oscar Wilde奥斯卡•王尔德1856~1900 salome （The Aesthetic Movement: Art for Art’s Sake） ① 4 Comedies: ③ Fairy Stories: .William Butler Yeats威廉•勃特勒•叶茨1865~1939 （爱尔兰诗人，剧作家； The Irish nationalist movement 爱尔兰独立运动； 6 / 8 The Irish Literary Revival 爱尔兰文艺复兴； The Irish Literary Theater, or the Abbey Theater 爱尔兰民族剧团） ⑴ collections ① When You are Old; The Lake Isle of Innisfree; Thomas Sterns Eliot（诗人，剧作家，批评家） ⑴ Poems ① ② ③ ⑵ Plays ① David Herbert Lawrence戴维•赫伯特•劳伦斯1885~1930 Modernist ④ Joyce詹姆斯•乔伊斯1882~1941 Modernist （爱尔兰小说家，意识流小说的代表人物）stream-of-consciousness