时态：*** a. 定义 b.结构 c.用法 1. 一般现在时 动词原形 2. 一般过去时 动词过去式
3. 现在进行时 am/is/are 动词现在分词 4. 过去进行时 was /were 动词现在分词 5. 一般将来时 will/shall 动词原形 6. 过去将来时 would/should 动词原形 7. 现在完成时 have/has 动词过去分词 8. 过去完成时 had 动词过去分词
以上分别举例说明并通过做题讲解之间的区别，让孩子在可能短的时间里记住他们的用法
（一）.一般现在时
1.经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。
时间状语： every…，sometimes， at…，on Sunday always, usually, often, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.客观真理、客观存在、科学事实。
The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 3.表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 请你注意：
此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 4.现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I don’t want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
5基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要加（e）S） 6否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。 7一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 8.例句：. It seldom snows here. He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words. （二）.一般过去时
1.在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有：yesterday， an hour ago，the other day，in 1982等。
ago, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. Where did you go just now？
2.表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child，I often played football in the street.
特殊句型（需重点掌握）
1.It is time for sb.to do sth.“到……时间了”、“该……了” 2.It is time sb.did sth.“时间已迟了”、“早该……了” It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。 It is time you went to bed.早该睡觉了。
3.would （had） rather sb.did sth.表示“宁愿某人做某事”
I’d rather you came tomorrow.应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。 3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词
4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。
6.例句：She often came to help us in those days. I didn't know you were so busy.
（三）.现在进行时
1.表示说话时正在进行的动作。常和now，Look！Listen！或其他铺垫句及情景设置句连用。
Eg1.I am reading a book now.
Eg2.Look！They are having a basketball match. Eg3.Listen！He is playing the piano.
Eg4.It’s 7：00 pm.The Greens are watching TV.
2.表示现阶段正在进行着的动作但说话时不一定正在进行。
Eg1.He is working in a shoe factory these days.（临时性的工作） Eg2.Mr.Green is writing another novel. （只处于写作的状态。） 3.表示在近期按计划或安排要进行的动作。即用现在进行体表示将来要发生的动作。但一般要与将来时间连用，而且仅限于少量动词。例如： come，go，start，arrive，leave，stay等。
Eg1.Mr.Smith is leaving for London tomorrow. Eg2 Are you staying here till next week？
4.常与表示渐变的动词连用。例如： get，grow，become，turn，，begin等。 Eg1.The leaves are turning red. Eg2.It’s getting warmer and warmer. 5时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc. 6.基本结构：am/is/are+doing
7.否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 8.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。
9.例句： How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his lessons.
（四）.过去进行时
1.表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作。 构成： be（was，were）+现在分词，常用的时间状语：at 10：30 last night ，this time yesterday evening ,at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 Eg1.What were you doing at three o’clock yesterday afternoon？
2.用于when，while 引导的时间状语从句中。用过去进行时表示较长的动作。过去进行时可用于主句，也可用于从句。
Eg1.I was doing my homework when someone knocked at the door. Eg2.We were walking along the river when suddenly it rained.
Eg3.While he was waiting at the bus stop，the traffic accident happened.（ While 后的分句必须用进行时）
Eg4.While I was reading ，my sister was sleeping.（表示对比，都用进行时） 3.用于表示过去将来的动作。常用在间接引语中。 Eg1.She was leaving early the next morning.
Eg2.I asked him whether he was coming back for dinner.
4.基本结构：was/were+doing
5.否定形式：was/were + not + doing.
6.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。
7.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
（五）.现在完成时
1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常用的时间状语：already，get，never，just，before，recently，for+一段时间，since+一段时间lately, in the past few years, etc.
I have lost my key.（说明过去某时丢的，现在还未找到。） 2.表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 I have known him for ten years.
The dog has been dead for three days. 3.表示从过去到现在之间曾经经历过的事。 We have been to the Summer Palace twice. 请你注意：
因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时，有动态和延续性的特点，所以不能使用终端动词或瞬间动词。
例：My sister has been here for 5 days.（过去分词做表语表示状态，可以延续） My sister came here 5 days ago.（终端动词） 4.基本结构：have/has + done
5.否定形式：have/has + not +d one. 6.一般疑问句：have或has。 7.例句：I've written an article. It has been raining these days.
（六）.过去完成时
1以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。常用的时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),由by，before等词构成的表示时间的介词短语。“过去的过去”这种逻辑关系常通过上下文体现出来，而不一定受某个时间状语的限制。 We had not heard from him by the end of last year.
2.根据时态一致的原则，在从句中谓语动词要用过去完成时代替其他时态。 She said she had learned French for six years.构成
3.基本结构：had + done.
4.否定形式：had + not + done. 5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。
6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
（七）、 一般将来时：
1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do.
4.否定形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。
6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain.
（八）.过去将来时
1.过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。它常用于宾语从句中。时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…) 有两种构成形式：用would表示的过去将来时和用be （was/were） going to 表示的过去将来时。
Eg1.He told me he would go to Beijing.
Eg2.He said the train was leaving at six the next morning Eg3.She said she was going to start at once.
2.基本结构：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do.
3.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do. 4.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。 5.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day. I asked who was going there .
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