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新型小分子GLP-1受体别构调节剂的合成及其活性

2023-05-27 来源:小奈知识网
新型小分子GLP-1受体别构调节剂的合成及其活性

王磊;郭彬

【摘 要】GLP-1受体激动剂作为Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的有效用药,对中枢及外周神经系统也有良好的保护作用,在阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病等神经系统疾病的治疗中表现出潜在应用价值.以小分子GLP-1受体别构调节剂为先导化合物,通过系统的结构优化,设计并合成了14个新型的吲哚并吡啶酮类化合物,其结构经1 H NMR,13 C NMR和HR-MS(ESI)表征.并评价了化合物对GLP-1受体的作用.结果表明:部分化合物对GLP-1(7-36)或GLP-1(9-36)具有一定的别构调节作用. 【期刊名称】《合成化学》 【年(卷),期】2018(026)008 【总页数】12页(P545-556)

【关键词】GLP-1受体;别构调节剂;吲哚并吡啶酮;合成;构效关系 【作 者】王磊;郭彬

【作者单位】南昌大学江西医学院药学院,江西南昌 330000;中国科学院上海药物研究所新药研究国家重点实验室,上海 201203;中国科学院上海药物研究所新药研究国家重点实验室,上海 201203 【正文语种】中 文

【中图分类】O626.32;R914.4

胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)是一种具有肠促胰岛素作用的激素,它主要由肠道L细

胞分泌,结构中包含28~37个氨基酸[1]。GLP-1在人体内主要以两种活性形式存在:GLP-1(7-36)和GLP-1(7-37)。其中,约80%的循环活性是由GLP-1(7-36)产生的[1-2]。GLP-1在胰腺内与其受体(GLP-1R)结合后,可以提高胞内环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)浓度,激活蛋白激酶A(PKA),并通过cAMP/PKA激酶通路加强胰岛β细胞内胰岛素基因的转录和翻译,提高β细胞对葡萄糖刺激信号的敏感性,从而增加胰岛素分泌,并同时抑制胰高血糖素分泌[3]。但由于GLP-1在体内会被二肽基肽酶-Ⅳ(DPP-Ⅳ)降解为GLP-1(9-36)而失活,使其体内半衰期不足2 min[1-2],临床应用受到限制。除胰腺外,GLP-1R还广泛分布于大脑、肺、肾、胃以及心脏等组织中[3]。随着研究的深入,研究人员发现GLP-1受体激动剂除具有代谢调节作用外,还能刺激神经细胞分化、增强突触可塑性、促进神经细胞存活,并可通过调控部分关键酶的表达和神经递质的释放,预防及治疗阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和脑卒中等神经系统疾病[4-7]。 Chart 1 Chart 2

传统的GLP-1受体激动剂多为多肽类结构,难以口服和入脑,小分子GLP-1受体激动剂的开发难度较高[8]。近年来研究发现,小分子GLP-1R别构调节剂同样可以调节GLP-1R激活通路(尤其是cAMP信号通路)。文献[8-9]报道了多种不同结构类型的小分子GLP-1R激动剂或别构调节剂(1~6, Chart 1)。虽然这些化合物在受体水平或动物水平上表现出一定活性,但由于分子结构或理化性质的原因,稳定性或代谢性质较差。

Morris等[10]通过高通量筛选和结构优化策略,合成了一种新型的小分子GLP-1R别构调节剂(7 , Chart 2); 7在6-羟基多巴胺(6-OHDA)诱导的帕金森小鼠模型中起到了神经保护和再生作用,有效改善了小鼠的认知和运动症状。7的骨架类型比较

新颖,克服了1~6的结构缺点。虽然前期实验发现7不具有明显的GLP-1R激动活性,但它是GLP-1(7-36)的别构调节剂(EC50=5.981 nM)和GLP-1(9-36)的别构调节剂(EC50=5.918 μM)。

因此,本文选择7作为先导化合物,根据电子等排替代原理,通过在吲哚吡啶酮结构中的不同位点引入取代基,设计并合成了14个新型的吲哚并吡啶酮类化合物(16a~16f和27a~27h, Scheme 1),其结构经1H NMR, 13C NMR和HR-MS(ESI)表征。并评价了化合物对GLP-1受体的作用。

Scheme 1 1 实验部分 1.1 仪器与试剂

X-4型显微熔点仪;WFH-203B型暗箱式分析仪;BRUKER AVANCE Ⅲ 400/500 MHz型核磁共振仪(CDCl3为溶剂,TMS为内标);Finnigan LTQ MS型线性离子阱质谱仪;Agilent 1290-6545-UHPLC-QTOF型超高分辨率质谱仪;Envision 2104型多功能酶标仪。

无血清培液(DMEM培养液);IBMX (SIGMA, STBC7632V); BSA(Roche, A8020); cAMP dynamic 2(cisbio, 62AM4PEB); Envision 2104(PerkinElmer);其余所用试剂均为化学纯或分析纯。

1.2 16a~16g和27a~27h的合成(以16c为例) (1) 2-[2-(邻甲苯基)亚肼基]戊二酸 (9c)的合成

将α-酮戊二酸14.86 g(101.77 mmol)溶解于水(200 mL)中,缓慢滴加对甲基苯肼11.30 g(92.53 mmol),滴毕,于室温反应6 h(TLC监测)。过滤,滤饼用水洗涤,烘干得黄色粉末9c 22.91 g。产物未经纯化,直接投入下一步反应。 (2) 3-(2-甲氧基-2-氧代乙基)-7-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羧酸甲酯(10c)的合成

将9c 22.91 g(91.60 mmol)溶解于无水甲醇(60 mL)中,缓慢滴加浓硫酸23 mL,滴毕,于70 ℃反应6 h(TLC监测)。冷却至室温,过滤,滤饼用水洗涤至pH 6~7,烘干得白色固体10c 20.40 g,两步收率85.3%; 1H NMR δ: 8.84(s, 1H), 7.51(d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.17~7.14(m, 1H), 7.14~7.09(m, 1H), 4.20(s, 2H), 3.95(s, 3H), 3.73(s, 3H), 2.52(s, 3H)。

(3) 3-(1-(二甲氨基)-3-甲氧基-3-氧代丙-1-烯-2-基)-1,7-二甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羧酸甲酯(11c)的合成

将10c 20.40 g(78.13 mmol)溶解于DMF(20 mL)中,加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺二甲基缩醛(DMFDMA)66.41 mL(390.65 mmol),回流(120 ℃)反应12 h(TLC监测)。冷却至室温,过滤,滤饼用水洗去DMF,用无水硫酸钠干燥得粗品A;滤液依次用乙酸乙酯(2×40 mL)和水(40 mL)萃取,合并有机相,用饱和食盐水(80 mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩得粗品B;合并A和B得棕色油状液体11c 26.04 g。产物未经纯化,直接投入下一步反应。

(4) 2-环戊基-8,9-二甲基-1-氧代-2,9-二氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-4-羧酸甲酯(12c)的合成

将11c 26.04 g(77.02 mmol)溶解于DMF(30 mL)中,依次加入一水合对甲苯磺酸2.93 g(14.40 mmol)和环戊胺8.56 mL(84.72 mmol),回流(120 ℃)反应12 h(TLC监测)。冷却至室温,加入碳酸钠3.37 g(30.89 mmol),继续反应2 h。冷却至室温,依次用乙酸乙酯(2×100 mL)和水(60 mL)萃取,合并有机相,用饱和食盐水(100 mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,经硅胶柱层析(洗脱剂:A=乙酸乙酯/石油醚=3/1, V/V)纯化得白色固体12c 22.48 g,两步收率86.3%; 1H NMR δ: 8.73(d, J =7.8 Hz, 1H), 8.06(s, 1H), 7.23(d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.14(dd, J=7.8 Hz, 7.0 Hz, 1H), 5.54~5.45(m, 1H), 4.68(s, 3H), 4.01(s, 3H), 2.89(s, 3H), 2.33~2.20(m, 2H), 1.97(m, 2H), 1.87~1.74(m, 4H)。

(5) 2-环戊基-8,9-二甲基-1-氧代-2,9-二氢-1H-咔唑-4-羧酸(13c)的合成 在反应瓶中加入12c 22.48 g(66.47 mmol),甲醇30 mL和氢氧化钠6.47 g(168.00 mmol),回流(70 ℃)反应3 h(TLC监测)。冷却至室温,用稀盐酸调至pH 2~3,过滤,滤饼用水洗涤,烘干得白色固体13c 20.96 g。产物未经纯化,直接投入下一步反应。

(6) (S)-2-[(2-环戊基-8,9-二甲基-1-氧代-2,9-二氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-4-甲酰氨基)甲基]吡咯烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯(14c)的合成

将13c 3.29 g(10.14 mmol)溶解于二氯甲烷(20 mL)中,加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA)8.45 mL(30.42 mmol),于室温反应15 min(TLC监测)。加入S-叔丁氧羰基-2-(氨基乙基)吡咯烷2.01 g(10.14 mmol),反应5 min(TLC监测)。经硅胶柱层析(洗脱剂:A=2/1)纯化得白色固体14c 2.73 g,两步收率53.2%; 1H NMR δ: 8.27(d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.57(s, 1H), 7.17(d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.07(t, J=8.2 Hz, 7.0 Hz, 1H), 6.47(s, 1H), 5.56~5.49(m, 1H), 4.67(s, 3H), 4.19~4.09(m, 1H), 3.88~3.78(m, 1H), 3.50~3.32(m, 4H), 2.86(s, 3H), 2.28~2.18(m, 3H), 2.17~2.08(m, 1H), 2.02~1.88(m, 7H), 1.39(s, 9H)。

(7) (S)-2-环戊基-8,9-二甲基-1-氧代-N-(吡咯烷-2-基甲基)-2,9-二氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-4-甲酰胺(15c)的合成

将化合物14c 1.00 g(1.98 mmol) 溶解于二氯甲烷(10 mL)中,加入三氟醋酸2.5 mL,室温反应2 h(TLC监测)。旋蒸除溶,残余物浓缩得淡黄色油状粗产物15c 0.77 g,未经纯化,直接投入下一步反应。 (8) 16c的合成

将15c 0.77 g(1.90 mmol)溶解于二氯甲烷(3 mL)中,加入氰基硼氢化钠0.60 g(9.50 mmol)和丙酮3 mL,于室温反应3 h(TLC监测)。用乙酸乙酯(2×40 mL)和水(40 mL)萃取,合并有机相,用饱和食盐水(80 mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,

经硅胶柱层析(洗脱剂:A=2/1)纯化得白色固体16c 564.70 mg,两步收率66.3%,总收率25.96%, m.p.117~119 ℃; 1H NMR δ: 8.12(d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.47(s, 1H), 7.19(d, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.12~7.04(t, J=8.1 Hz, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 6.79(s, 1H), 5.49~5.45(m, 1H), 4.27(s, 3H), 3.73~3.71(m, 1H), 3.36~3.34(m, 1H), 3.10~3.08(m, 1H), 2.98~2.96(m, 1H), 2.92~2.81(m, 1H), 2.48(s, 3H), 2.28~2.14(m, 2H), 1.95~1.83(m, 3H), 1.83~1.60(m, 8H), 1.06(d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H), 0.99(d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR δ: 171.12, 167.20, 156.52, 140.80, 129.81, 124.98, 122.05, 121.82, 121.23, 120.36, 113.40, 60.38, 58.02, 55.68, 47.18, 46.24, 42.25, 34.40, 32.54, 32.51, 29.21, 24.58, 23.63, 22.38, 21.03, 16.02, 14.19; HR-MS(ESI) m/z: Calcd for C27H36N4O2 {[M+H]+}449.283 8, found 449.291 0。

用类似的方法合成白色固体16a~16b, 16d~16g及27a~27h。

10a: 两步收率86.2%; 1H NMR δ: 8.92(s, 1H), 7.43(s, 1H), 7.29(d, J=7.18 Hz, 2H), 7.18(d, J=7.18 Hz, 2H), 4.18(s, 2H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 3.73(s, 3H), 2.47(s, 3H)。 10b: 两步收率85.7%; 1H NMR δ: 8.90(s, 1H), 7.54(d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.14(s, 1H), 7.03(d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 4.19(s, 2H), 3.93(s, 3H), 3.73(s, 3H), 2.47(s, 3H)。 10d: 两步收率86.7%; 1H NMR δ: 9.27(s, 1H), 7.22(dd, J=1.5 Hz, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.02~6.95(m, 2H), 4.17(s, 2H), 3.88(s, 3H), 3.86(s, 3H), 3.74(s, 3H)。

10e: 两步收率83.2%; 1H NMR δ: 8.98(s, 1H), 7.51(d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.83(dd, J=8.8 Hz, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.75(d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 4.17(s, 2H), 3.91(s, 3H), 3.84(s, 3H), 3.73(s, 3H)。

10f: 两步收率84.5%; 1H NMR δ: 8.79(s, 1H), 7.53(d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.85(dd, J=8.8 Hz, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.80(d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.17(s, 2H), 3.94(s, 3H), 3.87(s, 3H), 3.72(s, 3H)。

10g与21f、 21g、 21h为同一物质:两步收率87.3%; 1H NMR δ: 8.86(s, 1H), 7.68(d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.42(d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.36(t, J=7.1 Hz, 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.20(t, J=8.3 Hz, 6.9 Hz, 1H), 4.21(s, 1H), 3.97(s, 1H), 3.72(s, 1H)。

12a: 两步收率87.2%; 1H NMR δ: 8.66(s, 1H), 8.05(s, 1H), 7.34(s, 1H), 5.55~5.49(m, 1H), 4.32(s, 3H), 4.01(s, 3H), 2.55(s, 3H), 2.34~2.22(m, 2H), 2.03~1.91(m, 2H), 1.88~1.75(m, 4H)。

12b: 两步收率86.0%; 1H NMR δ: 8.74(d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.08(s, 1H), 7.25(d, J=1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.12(dd, J=8.5 Hz, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 5.55~5.45(m, 1H), 4.34(s, 3H), 4.01(s, 3H), 2.58(s, 3H), 2.33~2.22(m, 2H), 2.02~1.92(m, 2H), 1.87~1.77(m, 4H)。

12d: 两步收率86.5%; 1H NMR δ: 8.44(d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.06(s, 1H), 7.38(d, J=9.1 Hz, 1H), 7.22(dd, J=9.1 Hz, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 5.57 ~ 5.44(m, 1H), 4.35(s, 3H), 4.01(s, 3H), 3.97(s, 3H), 2.34~2.21(m, 2H), 2.01~1.93(m, 2H), 1.83~1.79(m, 4H)。

12e: 两步收率86.5%; 1H NMR δ: 8.73(d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 8.07(s, 1H), 7.07(s, 1H), 6.83(d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 5.30~5.24(m, 1H), 4.23(s, 3H), 3.88(s, 3H), 2.48(s, 3H), 2.11~2.04(m, 2H), 1.89~1.83(m, 2H), 1.73~1.64(m, 4H)。

12f: 两步收率86.7%; 1H NMR δ: 8.43(d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 8.06(s, 1H), 7.08(t, J=8.2 Hz, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.00(d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.33~5.23(m, 1H), 4.54(s, 3H), 3.92(s, 3H), 2.15~2.06(m, 2H), 1.91~1.81(m, 2H), 1.80~1.62(m, 4H), 1.22(s, 3H)。

12g与23h为同一物质: 两步收率86.4%; 1H NMR δ: 8.89(d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 8.09(s, 1H), 7.54(ddd, J=8.1 Hz, 6.9 Hz, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.47(d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.29(ddd, J=8.1 Hz, 5.9 Hz, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 5.52~5.49(m, 1H), 4.37(s, 3H),

4.02(s, 3H), 2.31~2.24(m, 2H), 2.04~1.92(m, 2H), 1.88~1.77(m, 4H)。 14a: 两步收率67.3%; 1H NMR δ: 8.28(s, 2H), 7.60(s, 1H), 7.34(s, 2H), 5.56~5.51(m, 1H), 4.35(s, 3H), 4.18~4.15(m, 1H),3.83~3.80(m, 1H), 3.45~3.39(m, 3H), 2.81(s, 3H), 2.51(s, 3H), 2.24~2.20(m, 2H), 2.14~2.11(m, 1H), 1.92~1.87(m, 5H), 1.83~1.78(m, 4H), 1.39(s, 9H)。

14b: 两步收率68.3%; 1H NMR δ: 8.35(d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.22(s, 1H), 7.58(s, 1H), 7.19(s, 1H), 7.03(d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 5.50~5.47(m, 1H), 4.30(s, 3H), 4.12~4.10(m, 1H), 3.80~3.78(m, 1H), 3.42~3.39(m, 2H), 2.99~2.97(m, 1H), 2.52(s, 3H), 2.28~2.02(m, 2H), 1.94~1.65(m, 10H), 1.36(s, 9H)。

14d: 两步收率63.5%; 1H NMR δ: 8.33(s, 1H), 8.05(s, 1H), 7.60(s, 1H), 7.36(d, J=9.1 Hz, 1H), 7.18(d, J=9.1 Hz, 1H), 5.59~5.48(m, 1H), 4.35(s, 3H), 4.17(s, 1H), 3.86~3.84(m, 1H), 3.51~3.33(m, 4H), 2.25~2.22(m, 2H), 2.13~2.11(m, 1H), 2.03~1.86(m, 7H), 1.70(s, 3H), 1.40(s, 9H)。

14e: 两步收率63.4%; 1H NMR δ: 8.36 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 8.22(s, 1H), 6.80(d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.75(s, 1H), 5.54~5.37(m, 1H), 4.25(s, 3H), 4.09~4.07(m, 1H), 3.72~3.70(m, 1H), 3.43~3.22(m, 2H), 2.75(s, 3H), 2.17~2.13(m, 2H), 2.12~2.01(m, 1H), 1.90~1.85(m, 4H), 1.71~1.65(m, 6H), 1.34(s, 9H)。

14f: 两步收率63.3%; 1H NMR δ: 8.09(s, 1H), 7.92(d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.49(s, 1H), 7.02(t, J=8.0 Hz, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.80(d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 5.48~5.39(m, 1H), 4.60(s, 3H), 4.14~4.00(m, 1H), 3.90(s, 3H), 3.83~3.68(m, 1H), 3.43~3.24(m, 3H), 2.24~2.02(m, 2H), 1.93~1.87(m, 2H), 1.82~1.63(m, 8H), 1.32(s, 9H)。 14g与25h为同一物质: 两步收率63.8%; 1H NMR δ: 8.52(d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 8.32(s, 1H), 8.03(s, 1H), 7.52(d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.47(t, J=8.5 Hz, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.24(t, J=7.9 Hz, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 5.60~5.49(m, 1H), 4.38(s, 3H), 4.21~4.12(m,

1H), 3.88~3.81(m, 1H), 3.50~3.31(m, 4H), 2.32~2.19(m, 3H), 2.16~2.08(m, 1H), 2.02~1.86(m, 7H), 1.40(s, 9H)。

16a: 总收率37.5%, m.p.114~116 ℃; 1H NMR δ: 8.03(s, 1H), 7.45(s, 1H), 7.31(s, 1H), 7.32(s, 1H), 6.79(s, 1H), 5.49~5.45(m, 1H), 4.27(s, 3H), 3.74~3.72(m, 1H), 3.37~3.35(m, 1H), 3.11~3.09(m, 1H), 2.98~2.95(m, 1H), 2.88~2.86(m, 1H), 2.19~2.12(m, 2H), 1.92~1.87(m, 3H), 1.74~1.70(m, 8H), 1.06(d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H), 0.99(d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR δ: 166.58, 155.95, 139.25, 129.01, 128.00, 126.28, 124.09, 122.77, 119.82, 118.94, 113.00, 109.06, 57.54, 54.97, 49.12, 46.74, 45.63, 41.86, 31.98, 30.78, 28.69, 24.03, 23.06, 21.73, 21.02, 15.62, 10.98; HR-MS(ESI) m/z: Calcd for C26H34N4O2{[M+H]+}435.268 2, found 435.275 4。

16b: 总收率37.2%, m.p.171~173 ℃; 1H NMR δ: 8.19(d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.49(s, 1H), 7.21(s, 1H), 7.05(d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.78(s, 1H), 5.49~5.46(m, 1H), 4.28(s, 3H), 3.73~3.71(m, 1H), 3.35~3.33(m, 1H), 3.09~3.07(m, 1H), 2.98~2.96(m, 1H), 2.89~2.87(m, 1H), 2.23~2.20(m, 2H), 1.92~1.89(m, 3H), 1.76~1.70(m, 8H), 1.09(d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H), 1.00(d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR δ: 166.55, 155.90, 141.26, 136.62, 125.93, 124.45, 123.23, 121.75, 119.57, 117.56, 112.79, 109.14, 57.54, 54.97, 49.05, 46.71, 45.65, 41.77, 32.03, 30.70, 28.62, 24.03, 23.07, 21.87, 21.68, 15.59, 15.57; HR-MS(ESI) m/z: Calcd for C27H36N4O2{[M+H]+}449.283 8, found 449.291 0。

16d: 总收率26.6%, m.p.104~106 ℃; 1H NMR δ: 7.80(d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.45(s, 1H), 7.39(d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.19(t, J=9.1 Hz, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.69(s, 1H), 5.53~5.50(m, 1H), 4.35(s, 3H), 3.90(s, 3H), 3.77~3.75(m, 1H), 3.37~3.35(m, 1H), 3.12~3.10(m, 1H), 2.99~2.97(m, 1H), 2.91~2.89(m, 1H), 2.26~2.23(m,

2H), 1.94~1.90(m, 3H), 1.84~1.76(m, 8H), 1.10(d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H), 1.02(d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR δ: 171.16, 156.62, 154.24, 136.85, 127.23, 124.15, 120.57, 119.57, 117.86, 113.68, 110.72, 105.18, 60.40, 58.23, 55.87, 55.51, 49.73, 47.30, 42.29, 32.58, 32.54, 31.48, 29.19, 24.62, 23.74, 22.34, 16.17; HR-MS(ESI) m/z: Calcd for C27H36N4O3{[M+H]+}465.278 7, found 465.286 7。

16e: 总收率23.5%, m.p.124~126 ℃; 1H NMR δ: 8.24(d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.52(s, 1H), 7.28(s, 1H), 6.89(dd, J=8.9 Hz, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.84(d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.70(s, 1H), 5.54~5.50(m, 1H), 4.33(s, 3H), 3.96(s, 3H), 3.74~3.72(m, 1H), 3.39~3.37(m, 1H), 3.12~3.10(m, 1H), 3.01~2.99(m, 1H), 2.93~2.90(m, 1H), 2.27~2.24(m, 2H), 1.95~1.90(m, 3H), 1.74~1.68(m, 8H), 1.11(d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H), 1.01(d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR δ: 166.55, 155.90, 141.26, 136.62, 125.93, 124.45, 123.23, 121.75, 119.57, 117.56, 112.79, 109.14, 57.54, 54.97, 49.05, 46.71, 45.65, 41.77, 32.03, 30.70, 28.62, 24.03, 23.07, 21.87, 21.68, 15.59, 15.57; HR-MS(ESI) m/z: Calcd for C27H36N4O3{[M+H]+}465.278 7, found 465.285 9。

16f: 总收率30.0%, m.p.125~127 ℃; 1H NMR δ: 7.84(d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.47(s, 1H), 7.09(t, J=8.2 Hz, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.87(d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.70(s, 1H), 5.51~5.48(m, 1H), 4.67(s, 3H), 3.97(s, 3H), 3.74~3.72(m, 1H), 3.38~3.36(m, 1H), 3.12~3.10(m, 1H), 3.00~2.98(m, 1H), 2.91~2.89(m, 1H), 2.26~2.23(m, 2H), 1.92~1.89(m, 3H), 1.80~1.72(m, 8H), 1.10(d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H), 1.01(d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR δ: 166.61, 156.06, 147.60, 131.11, 126.43, 124.44, 121.62, 119.92, 119.51, 115.52, 112.82, 106.49, 57.52, 55.07, 54.96, 49.09, 46.67, 41.69, 34.40, 31.99, 31.96, 29.15, 28.62, 24.04, 23.07, 21.82, 15.50;

HR-MS(ESI) m/z: Calcd for C27H36N4O3{[M+H]+}465.278 7, found 465.287 3。

16g(7): 总收率30.5%, m.p.117~119 ℃; 1H NMR δ: 8.35(d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.55~7.52(m, 3H), 7.25(d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.66(s, 1H), 5.55~5.51(m, 1H), 4.39(s, 3H), 3.77~3.75(m, 1H), 3.40~3.38(m, 1H), 3.12~3.10(m, 1H), 3.01~2.99(m, 1H), 2.90~2.88(m, 1H), 2.57~2.55(m, 1H), 2.28~2.25(m, 2H), 1.98~1.92(m, 3H), 1.82~1.77(m, 4H), 1.75~1.70(m, 3H), 1.10(d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H), 1.01(d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR δ: 167.03, 156.56, 141.35, 126.85, 126.78, 125.00, 124.19, 120.36(2C), 120.04, 113.52, 109.92, 57.99, 55.63, 49.46, 47.13, 42.20, 32.59, 32.55, 31.38, 29.21, 24.61(2C), 23.64, 22.45, 16.00; HR-MS(ESI) m/z: Calcd for C26H34N4O2{[M+H]+}435.268 2, found 435.275 4。

21a: 两步收率53.1%; 1H NMR δ: 9.47(s, 1H), 7.57(d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.17(dd, J=8.8 Hz, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.14(d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 4.34(q, 2H), 4.24(m, 2H), 4.11(s, 2H), 1.39(m, 3H), 1.31(m, 3H)。

21b: 两步收率52.4%; 1H NMR δ: 8.85(s, 1H), 7.59(d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.40(d, J=1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.16(dd, J=8.6 Hz, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 4.43(m, 1H), 4.18(m, 2H), 1.43(m, 3H), 1.27(m, 3H)。

21c: 两步收率49.3%; 1H NMR δ: 9.21(s, 1H), 7.69(s, 1H), 7.33~7.31(m, 1H), 4.37(m, 1H), 4.25(m, 1H), 4.11(s, 1H), 1.41(m, 1H), 1.33(m, 1H)。

21d: 两步收率53.5%; 1H NMR δ: 9.24(s, 1H), 7.77(d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.35(dd, J=8.7 Hz, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.18(d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 4.37(m, 2H), 4.22(m, 2H), 4.13(s, 2H), 1.40(m, 3H), 1.31(m, 3H)。

21e: 两步收率52.1%; 1H NMR δ: 9.08(s, 1H), 7.49(t, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.46(d,

J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.26(dd, J=8.6 Hz, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.40(m, 2H), 4.21(m, 2H), 4.15(s, 2H), 1.42(m, 3H), 1.29(m, 3H)。

23a: 两步收率85.4%; 1H NMR δ: 8.91(d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.07(s, 1H), 7.44(dd, J=8.9 Hz, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.34(d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 5.52~5.40(m, 1H), 4.49(m, 2H), 4.31(s, 3H), 2.34~2.21(m, 2H), 2.02~1.90(m, 2H), 1.85~1.82(m, 4H), 1.50(m, 3H)。

23b: 两步收率86.1%; 1H NMR δ: 8.87(d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 8.10(s, 1H), 7.45(d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.23(dd, J=8.9 Hz, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 5.52~5.43(m, 1H), 4.48(m, 2H), 4.33(s, 3H), 2.31~2.27(m, 2H), 1.99~1.96(m, 2H), 1.88~1.76(m, 4H), 1.48(m, 3H)。

23c: 两步收率87.2%; 1H NMR δ: 9.08(s, 1H), 8.10(s, 1H), 7.54(s, 1H), 5.52~5.40(m, 1H), 4.50(m, 2H), 4.31(s, 3H), 2.35~2.22(m, 2H), 2.05~1.90(m, 2H), 1.89~1.76(m, 4H), 1.51(m, 3H)。

23d: 两步收率85.8%; 1H NMR δ: 9.06(d, J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 8.07(s, 1H), 7.56(dd, J=8.9 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.32~7.26(d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 5.51~5.39(m, 1H), 4.49(m, 2H), 4.30(s, 3H), 2.35~2.22(m, 2H), 2.03~1.90(m, 2H), 1.88~1.77(m, 4H), 1.54~1.47(m, 3H)。

23e: 两步收率85.9%; 1H NMR δ: 8.76(d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 8.08(s, 1H), 7.57(d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.33(dd, J=8.9 Hz, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 5.48~5.44(m, 1H), 4.47(m, 2H), 4.29(s, 3H), 2.35~2.20(m, 2H), 1.96~1.93(m, 2H), 1.89~1.78(m, 4H), 1.48(m, 3H)。

23f: 两步收率86.9%; 1H NMR δ: 8.92(d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.10(s, 1H), 7.57(t, J=8.4 Hz, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.50(d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.31(m, 1H), 5.41~5.37(m, 1H), 4.39(s, 3H), 4.21~4.19(m, 1H), 4.02(s, 3H), 3.69~3.67(m, 1H), 2.11~2.01(m,

2H), 1.98~1.94(m, 2H)。

23g: 两步收率85.7%; 1H NMR δ: 8.92~8.87(d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 8.18(s, 1H), 7.58~7.51(t, J=8.3 Hz, 6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.47(d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.30(t, J=8.4 Hz, 6.9 Hz, 1H), 5.87~5.83(m, 1H), 4.35(s, 3H), 4.33~4.26(m, 1H), 4.16~4.14(m, 1H), 4.05~4.03(m, 1H), 4.00(s, 3H), 2.73~2.62(m, 1H), 2.12~2.10(m, 1H)。 25a: 两步收率61.2%; 1H NMR δ: 8.52(d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.42(s, 1H), 7.59(s, 1H), 7.37(dd, J=8.9 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.30(d, J=9.1 Hz, 1H), 5.51~5.40(m, 1H), 4.28(s, 3H), 4.17~4.13(m, 1H), 3.83~3.73(m, 1H), 3.46~3.37(m, 3H), 3.36~3.26(m, 2H), 2.25~2.15(m, 3H), 1.98~1.83(m, 7H), 1.36(s, 9H)。

25b: 两步收率59.6%; 1H NMR δ: 8.43(d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.60(s, 1H), 7.33(d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.09(dd, J=8.7 Hz, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 5.49~5.39(m, 1H), 4.12~4.10(m, 1H), 3.80~3.71(m, 1H), 3.45~3.33(m, 2H), 2.23~2.12(m, 2H), 1.96~1.78(m, 7H), 1.78~1.67(m, 4H), 1.37(s, 9H)。

25c: 两步收率61.4%; 1H NMR δ: 8.67(s, 1H), 8.51(s, 1H), 7.61(s, 1H), 7.45(s, 1H), 5.49~5.40(m, 1H), 4.25(s, 3H), 4.18~4.12(m, 1H), 3.79~3.77(m, 1H), 3.48~3.24(m, 4H), 2.21~2.18(m, 3H), 1.99~1.80(m, 8H), 1.38(s, 9H)。 25d: 两步收率60.7%; 1H NMR δ: 8.72(d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.43(s, 1H), 7.62(s, 1H), 7.56(dd, J=8.9 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.31(d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 5.51~5.47(m, 1H), 4.33(s, 3H), 4.20~4.16(m, 1H), 3.88~3.78(m, 1H), 3.50~3.41(m, 2H), 3.37~3.35(m, 1H), 2.26~2.22(m, 3H), 2.18~2.09(m, 1H), 1.98~1.87(m, 8H), 1.38(s, 9H)。

25e: 两步收率59.8%; 1H NMR δ: 8.45(d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.65(s, 1H), 7.59(d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.33~7.29(dd, J=8.7 Hz, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 5.51~5.47(m, 1H), 4.31(s, 3H), 4.17~4.14(m, 1H), 3.84~3.81(m, 1H), 3.51~3.48(m, 3H), 2.29~

2.18(m, 2H), 2.14~2.11(m, 1H), 2.01~1.86(m, 5H), 1.83~1.73(m, 4H), 1.39(s, 9H)。

25f: 两步收率65.7%; 1H NMR δ: 8.54(d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 8.41(s, 1H), 7.66(s, 1H), 7.56~7.49(t, J=8.3 Hz, 7.5Hz, 1H), 7.47(d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.25(t, J=8.1 Hz, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 5.42~5.37(m, 1H), 4.37(s, 3H), 4.17~4.12(m, 4H), 3.88~3.85(m, 1H), 3.45~3.39(m, 4H), 2.26~2.09(m, 4H), 1.97~1.87(m, 4H), 1.44(s, 9H)。

25g: 两步收率65.9%; 1H NMR δ: 9.06(s, 1H), 8.78(s, 1H), 8.19~7.95(m, 3H), 7.69(s, 1H), 6.17~6.14(m, 1H), 4.77(s, 3H), 4.64(s, 1H), 4.50~4.46(m, 3H), 4.30~4.27(m, 1H), 4.09~4.06(m, 1H), 3.00(s, 3H), 2.63~2.59(m, 1H), 2.37~2.31(m, 5H), 1.93(s, 9H)。

27a: 总收率21.2%, m.p.145~147 ℃; 1H NMR δ: 8.34(d, J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.49(s, 1H), 7.46(dd, J=8.9 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.39(d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 6.71(s,1H), 5.52~5.48(m, 1H), 4.34(s, 3H), 3.74~3.71(m, 1H), 3.40~3.37(m, 1H), 3.14~3.11(m, 1H), 3.02~2.99(m, 1H), 2.96~2.86(m, 1H), 2.27~2.23(m, 2H), 2.01~1.87(m, 4H), 1.76~1.70(m, 7H), 1.09(d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H), 1.01(d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H) ; 13C NMR δ: 166.71, 156.45, 139.62, 127.57, 127.20, 125.91, 125.11, 123.72, 121.25, 119.46, 113.32, 110.99, 57.87, 55.74, 49.43, 47.04, 46.26, 42.07, 32.58, 32.54, 31.58, 29.27, 24.61, 23.67, 22.36, 15.91; HR-MS(ESI) m/z: Calcd for C26H33N4O2Cl{[M+H]+}469.229 2, found 469.237 1。 27b: 总收率20.4%, m.p.162~164 ℃; 1H NMR δ: 8.30(d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.49(s, 1H), 7.43(d, J=1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.18(dd, J=8.7 Hz, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 6.75(s, 1H), 5.51~5.47(m, 1H), 4.30(s, 1H), 3.71~3.68(m, 1H), 3.40~3.30(m, 1H), 3.12~3.09(m, 1H), 2.99~2.96(m, 1H), 2.94~2.86(m, 1H), 2.31~2.20(m, 2H),

1.99~1.86(m, 3H), 1.84~1.64(m, 8H), 1.11(d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H), 1.01(d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR δ: 166.85, 156.35, 141.76, 132.95, 127.30, 125.66, 125.28, 121.13, 120.22, 119.00, 113.24, 109.80, 58.00, 55.73, 49.65, 49.56, 47.18, 42.11, 32.61, 31.53, 29.18, 27.72, 24.60, 23.70, 22.42, 16.03; HR-MS(ESI) m/z: Calcd for C26H33N4O2Cl{[M+H]+}469.229 2, found 469.237 0。 27c: 总收率18.4%, m.p.147~149 ℃; 1H NMR δ: 8.49(s, 1H), 7.54(s, 1H), 7.49(s, 1H), 6.77(s, 1H), 5.49~5.45(m, 1H), 4.29(s, 3H), 3.72~3.69(m, 1H), 3.42~3.33(m, 1H), 3.15~3.12(m, 1H), 3.03~3.00(m, 1H), 2.92~2.89(m, 1H), 2.32~2.21(m, 2H), 2.01~1.88(m, 3H), 1.84~1.64(m, 8H), 1.11(d, J=6.7 Hz, 3H), 1.02(d, J=6.7 Hz, 3H) ; 13C NMR δ: 166.12, 155.81, 139.51, 130.54, 127.44, 125.28, 125.00, 123.90, 119.52, 119.15, 112.58, 110.91, 57.54, 55.40, 49.15, 46.70, 45.80, 41.57, 32.13, 31.25, 28.79, 24.17, 23.29, 21.92, 15.52, 11.14; HR-MS(ESI) m/z: Calcd for C26H32N4O2Cl2{[M+H]+}503.190 2, found 503.198 6。

27d: 总收率21.1%, m.p.171~173 ℃; 1H NMR δ: 8.47(d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.56(dd, J=8.9 Hz, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.48(s, 1H), 7.32(d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.72(s, 1H), 5.48~5.45(m, 1H), 4.32~4.29(s, 3H), 3.73~3.70(m, 1H), 3.39~3.37(m, 1H), 3.13~3.10(m, 1H), 3.03~3.00(m, 1H), 2.90~2.87(m, 1H), 2.30~2.20(m, 2H), 2.00~1.85(m, 3H), 1.84~1.67(m, 8H), 1.08(d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H), 1.01(d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR δ: 166.27, 155.93, 139.39, 129.24, 126.89, 126.32, 124.74, 121.42, 118.88, 112.92, 112.83, 110.93, 57.49, 55.32, 49.08, 46.67, 41.73, 32.13, 32.09, 31.10, 28.85, 24.16(2), 23.23, 21.93, 15.54; HR-MS(ESI) m/z: Calcd for C26H33N4O2Br{[M+H]+}513.178 7, found 513.186 5。 27e: 总收率20.4%, m.p.144~146 ℃; 1H NMR δ: 8.28~8.21(d, J=8.7 Hz,

1H), 7.60(d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.48(s, 1H), 7.32(dd, J=8.7 Hz, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 6.72(s, 1H), 5.54~5.43(m, 1H), 4.30(s, 3H), 3.74~3.65(m, 1H), 3.40~3.33(m, 1H), 3.14~3.07(m, 1H), 3.04~2.95(m, 1H), 2.94~2.86(m, 1H), 2.30~2.22(m, 2H), 1.97~1.85(m, 3H), 1.84~1.63(m, 8H), 1.12(d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H), 1.01(d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR δ: 166.40, 155.96, 141.61, 126.73, 125.46, 124.86, 123.33, 120.54, 119.78, 118.91, 112.84, 112.51, 57.47, 55.27, 49.00, 46.66, 41.59, 32.20, 32.16, 31.12, 28.75, 24.18(2C), 23.27, 22.05, 15.51; HR-MS(ESI) m/z: Calcd for C26H33N4O2Br{[M+H]+}513.178 7, found 513.187 4。 27f: 总收率27.3%, m.p.148~150 ℃; 1H NMR δ: 8.33(d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.58~7.46(m, 3H), 7.28~7.22(m, 1H), 6.74(s, 1H), 5.37~5.33(m, 1H), 4.37(s, 3H), 4.19~4.16(m, 1H), 3.76~3.72(m, 2H), 3.39~3.36(m, 1H), 3.32~3.26(m, 3H), 3.13~3.10(m, 1H), 3.02~2.99(m, 1H), 2.92~2.89(m, 1H), 2.56~2.53(m, 1H), 1.97~1.93(m, 3H), 1.73~1.68(m, 3H), 1.10(d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H), 1.01(d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR δ: 169.50, 166.40, 155.37, 140.81, 126.43, 126.18, 123.68, 123.64, 119.91, 119.67, 113.13, 109.36, 66.91, 57.58, 50.23, 49.19, 46.78, 41.86, 33.84, 32.09, 30.81, 28.58, 23.10, 22.67, 21.84, 15.67; HR-MS(ESI) m/z: Calcd for C26H34N4O3{[M+H]+}451.263 1, found 451.269 5。 27g: 总收率26.4%, m.p.149~151 ℃; 1H NMR δ: 8.35(d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.61(s, 1H), 7.52~7.48(m, 1H), 7.45(d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.25~7.22(ddd, J=8.1 Hz, 6.8 Hz, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 6.84(s, 1H), 5.83~5.80(m, 1H), 4.33(s, 3H), 4.23~4.20(m, 1H), 3.98~3.95(m, 1H), 3.87~3.84(m, 1H), 3.73~3.70(m, 1H), 3.35~3.32(m, 1H), 3.26~3.23(m, 1H), 3.10~2.07(m, 1H), 2.99~2.96(m, 1H), 2.92~2.89(m, 1H), 2.65~2.62(m, 1H), 2.55~2.53(m, 1H), 2.06~2.03(m, 1H), 1.90~1.87(m, 1H), 1.73~1.68(m, 3H), 1.10(d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H), 1.00(d, J=6.4

Hz, 3H); 13C NMR δ: 169.46, 166.36, 155.63, 140.78, 126.42, 125.87, 123.97, 123.80, 119.93, 119.81, 113.90, 109.27, 67.01, 57.56, 53.68, 49.13, 46.78, 41.66, 33.87, 33.43, 30.83, 28.57, 23.11, 21.83, 15.56; HR-MS(ESI) m/z: Calcd for C25H32N4O3{[M+H]+}437.247 4, found 437.254 3。

27h: 总收率27.3%, m.p.171~173 ℃; 1H NMR δ: 8.29(d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.56~7.46(m, 3H), 7.26~7.24(m, 1H), 6.35(s, 1H), 5.54~5.50(m, 1H), 4.38(s, 3H), 3.72~3.69(m, 1H), 3.52~3.48(m, 2H), 3.15~3.12(m, 1H), 2.27~2.23(m, 3H), 1.99~1.94(m, 3H), 1.80~1.72(m, 8H), 1.26(d, J=7.3 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR δ: 166.80, 156.18, 140.96, 126.47, 124.65, 124.09, 124.00, 123.45, 120.02, 109.67, 109.44, 59.76, 57.54, 55.24, 45.49, 38.18, 33.67, 32.20, 32.08, 31.01, 29.27, 28.85, 24.14(2C), 23.46, 22.82; HR-MS(ESI) m/z: Calcd for C26H31N4O2F{[M+H]+}489.239 9, found 489.247 8。 (9) 2-氧代戊二酸二乙酯(18)的合成

在反应瓶中加入17 300.00 g(2.05 mol)和无水乙醇360 mL,缓慢滴加浓硫酸300 mL,滴毕,回流(85 ℃)反应6 h(TLC监测)。经硅胶柱层析(洗脱剂:A=20/1)纯化得透明油状液体18 194.7 g,收率46.9%; 1H NMR δ: 4.35(q, 2H), 4.15(q, 2H), 3.17(t, 2H), 2.68(t, 2H), 1.38(t, 3H), 1.27(t, 3H); 13C NMR δ: 187.45, 166.72, 155.30, 57.30, 55.63, 28.90, 22.43, 8.87, 8.71; HR-MS(ESI) m/z: Calcd for C9H14O5{[M+H]+}203.084 1, found 203.091 6。 1.3 GLP-1R激动活性及GLP-1R别构调节活性测试

先将待测化合物用无血清培液(含0.1%BSA, 0.5 mM IBMX)配制为两倍工作浓度。然后消化细胞,将细胞用无血清培液悬浮(含0.1%BSA, 0.5 mM IBMX)并计数,按照1 000个/5 μL/well加入384孔板,加入待测化合物5 μL,于室温避光反应30 min。加入cAMP检测底物,避光反应60 min。

先利用cAMP实验评价化合物对GLP-1受体的激动活性,以GLP-1(7-36)为阳性对照,测试化合物对GLP-1R的激动活性。然后评价化合物对GLP-1R的别构调节作用。将不同浓度的GLP-1(7-36)溶于含有10 μM待测化合物的无血清培液中,然后将配好的化合物与细胞共同孵育30 min,最后加检测底物,60 min后读数。以先导化合物7为对照,测试化合物16a~16f 和27a~27h对GLP-1(7-36)的别构调节活性。然后将不同浓度的GLP-1(9-36)溶于含有10 μM待测化合物的无血清培液中,将配好的化合物与细胞共同孵育30 min,最后加检测底物,60 min后读数,以先导化合物7为对照,测试化合物16a~16f 和27a~27h对GLP-1(9-36)的别构调节活性。记录数据,计算EC50。 2 结果与讨论 2.1 合成

目标化合物的合成步骤均涉及Fisher吲哚合成法,但该方法并不适用于由苯环上带吸电子基的化合物合成吲哚环。因此我们对底物稍作调整,将α-酮戊二酸替换成α-酮戊二酸二乙酯进行反应,减少了反应中间体的产生,同时降低了体系中水的含量。其中,最关键的步骤是由化合物10a~10f合成化合物12a~12f。 Bergman等[11]认为可以先进行甲基化反应,再与DMFDMA反应,最后在酸性条件下关环。但实验发现,活泼亚甲基的存在使吲哚N-甲基化反应收率不稳定。因此,调整了合成策略:10a~10f先与DMFDMA(5 eq.)直接进行甲基化反应,然后在弱酸性条件下关环。将化合物收率由28%提高至85%,并简化了实验操作。合成27a~27h时,除以α-酮戊二酸二乙酯代替α-酮戊二酸之外,其余操作步骤与化合物16a~16f的合成相似。 2.2 活性测试

表1为化合物对GLP-1(7-36)和GLP-1(9-36)的别构调节活性。

表1 化合物16a~16f和27a~27h对GLP-1(7-36)和GLP-1(9-36)的别构调节活

性Table 1 The allosteric activities of compounds 16a~16fand 27a~27h on GLP-1(7-36) and GLP-1(9-36)CompEC50/nMEC50/μMGLP-1(7-36)GLP-1(9-36)75.9815.91816a8.60416.1616b10.0419.3916c8.08315.3916d5.331190.716e14.2017.0916f11.5819.4427a4.8279.86827b2.4748.36927c4.1586.78527d6.11310.9327e5.65912.0227f3.54322.0727g6.0429.14727h4.2861.525 由表1可知,对于GLP-1(7-36)别构调节活性来讲,除16d(6-OMe)外,在吲哚吡啶酮苯环上的不同位点引入甲基或甲氧基,均会使活性降低,16d比7活性稍强(EC50=5.331 nM),这说明苯环对供电子基不耐受。在苯环上引入吸电子基可以有效保留活性或者提高活性,其中化合物27b(7-Cl)活性最佳(EC50=2.474 nM),说明苯环对吸电子取代耐受。而在吡啶酮环侧链的环戊胺N上引入吸电子基(27h)可以增强活性。对于GLP-1(9-36)的别构调节活性来讲,在吲哚吡啶酮苯环上的不同位点引入甲基或甲氧基,均会使活性降低,这说明苯环对供电子基不耐受。在苯环上引入吸电子基,活性均降低,说明苯环对吸电子取代也不耐受。在吡啶酮环侧链的环戊胺N上引入吸电子基可以显著增强活性(27h, EC50=1.525 μM)。 以小分子GLP-1R别构调节剂(7)为先导化合物,合成了14个新型的吲哚并吡啶酮类衍生物(16a~16f和27a~27h)。并研究了16a~16f和27a~27h对GLP-1(7-36)和GLP-1(9-36)的别构调节活性。结果表明: 27b对GLP-1(7-36)的别构调节作用优于7,其EC50=2.474 nM; 27h对GLP-1(9-36)的别构调节作用优于7,其EC50=1.525 μM。这对下一步的结构优化工作具有一定指导意义。 参考文献

【相关文献】

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