形容词：用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词。 1、形容词的句法作用：作句子中名词的定语、句子的表语以及宾语补足语。 2、形容词在句子中的位置： ⑴作定语时放在名词的前面,且音节少的词放在音节多的词之前。如：a big yellow wooden wheel(一个黄色的大木轮)
⑵作表语时放在连系动词之后。如：The price sounds reasonable.(这个价格听起来算是合理) ⑶作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。如：We must try our best to keep our environment clean.(我们必须尽力保持我们的环境清洁) ⑷后置的情况：
①修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。如：Something serious has happened to him.(他发生了严重的事故)
②与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。如：He’s 1.8 metres tall.(他身高1.8米。)The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth.(月球离地38万公里) 2、副词：用来说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词叫做副词。 1、副词的分类：(见下表) 时 间 副 词 频度副地点/方位副程度副词 词 词 here, there, very, too, twice, home, below, enough, 方式副疑问/连接副其他副词 词 词 well, hard, fast, how, where, when, why, too, also, nor, so, as, on,off, either, yes, no, not, neither maybe, perhaps, certainly, today, tomorrow, once, yesterday, now, then, early, late, always, anywhere, tonight, long, often, already, yet, sometimebefore, s, ago, later, ever never, since rather, quite, alone, once, soon, just, usually, above, outside, how, so, in, inside, out, much, just, together, whether back, up, nearly, only suddenly, however, etc. down, almost, away, off, far, -ly结尾 关系副词 hardly, as long asafter, whenever (seldom), near, nearby, 的副词 where, 等, first, someday, sometime, last, ever, wherever everywhere, even, all, why, how when, a little, a bit
2、副词在句子中的位置以及作用： ⑴作状语： ① 时间副词：一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句
尾,already、just一般放在动词的前面。如：We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow.(我们明天要去参观长城) / They have already been to the UK twice.(他们去过英王国两次) / Soon the lost boy found his way back home.(不久迷路的孩子找到了回家的路)
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② 频度副词：一般放在be动词之后或者助动词与主要动词之间,但sometimes、often等还
可以放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、three times等一般放在句尾。如：Sometimes I get up early.(我有时起得早)/ The workers usually have lunch at the factory.(工人们通常在厂里吃午饭) / Take this medicine twice a day.(这种药一天吃两次)
③ 方式副词：一般放在行为动之后,suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或动词之前。如：Old people can hardly walk as quickly as young people.(老年人几乎不可能走得和年轻人一样快) / Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave(山洞).(突然,在黑黢黢的山洞里,他看见了一丝亮光) ④ 地点副词：一般放在句尾,但here、there还可放在句首。如：There you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions(方向).(在那里,你可以看到成千上万的自行车朝各个方向流动) / The frightened wolf ran away.(受到惊吓的狼逃开了)/ He walked out quietly and turned back soon.(他悄悄地走了出去,很快又返回)
⑤ 程度副词：修饰动词时,放在动词之前；修饰形容词或副词时,放在形容词或副词之前。但注意,enough总是放在被修饰的形容词或动词的后面；only位置比较灵活,总是放在被修饰的词的前面。如：I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again.(如果他不再次告诉我,我几乎把那事全忘了) / It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears.(它那么奇怪一直我都不能相信我的耳朵) / She got to the station early enough to catch the first bus.(她早早地赶到车站赶上了首班车) ⑥ 疑问副词：用于对句子的状语进行提问,位置总是在句首。如：When and where were you born?(你何时何地出生？)/ Why did little Edison sit on some eggs?(小爱迪生为什么要坐在鸡蛋上？)/ How do you do?(你好！) ⑦ 连接副词：用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,在从句中作状语。How I am going to kill the cat is still a question.(我打算怎样杀死那只猫还是个问题)/ That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger.(那就是人人都害怕老虎的原因) / He wondered how he could do it the next day.(他不知道第二天怎样做那事)
⑧ 关系副词：用来引导定语从句,在从句中作状语。如：This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived.(这就是张先生曾经住过的地方)/ Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well.(请告诉我你的英语是怎样学得这么好的方法) ⑨ 其它副词：too“也”,用在句尾；also放在动词前；either “也不”,放在句尾；nor“也不”,放在句首；so“如此,这样”,放在形容词、副词前；on/off“开/关”放在动词之后；not放在be之后、助动词之后、不定式或动名词之前；maybe/perhaps放在句首；certainly放在句首或动词之前。如：He went to the Palace Museum and I went there,too.(他去了故宫博物院,我也去了) / Maybe your ticket is in your inside pocket.(也许你的票就在你的里边衣袋里) / --Tom doesn’t have a computer. –Nor do I.(汤姆没有计算机,我也没有。)
(2)作表语： 地点副词一般可以作表语,放在be等连系动词之后,说明人物所处的位置。如：I’m very sorry he isn’t in at the moment.(很抱歉,他此刻不在家)/ I have been away from my hometown for nearly 20 years.(我离开家乡有将近20年了) / Jim is over there.(吉姆就在那边)
(3)作定语： 时间副词(如now、then)以及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语,放在名词的后面。如：People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants.(现在的人们经常在餐馆里吃节日晚宴) / Women there were living a terrible life in the 1920s.(在二十世纪20年代那儿的女人过着可怕的日子)
(4)作宾语补足语：地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。如：Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell!(吉姆,把你的脏袜子拿开！它们在散发着臭气。) / Father kept him in and doing his lessons.(父亲把他关在家里做作业) [注意] “动词+副词”的宾语如果是代词,则该副词应该放在代词之后。如：He wrote down the
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word.(他写下了那个词。)→He wrote it down.(他把它写了下来。)
3、有关副词的重要注释： ⑴ as…as…常构成一些词组：
as soon as…(一旦…就…), as well as…(同样), as+形容词/副词+as possible(尽可能……地)。如：Please ring me up as soon as you get to Beijing.(请你一到北京就给我写信。)/ Miss Gao hurried to the school gate as quickly as possible.(高小姐尽快地赶到了校门口。)
[注释] “as long / much as + 名词”可以表示“长达/多达…”的含义。如：The house costs as much as five hundred thousand yuan.(那幢房子花费高达50万元。)/ They stayed in the cave(山洞)as long as two weeks.(他们呆在山洞里长达两周。) ⑵ too、also、either、nor的用法：
too(“也”)用于肯定句和疑问句的末尾,且用逗号隔开；also(“也”)用于肯定句句子谓语动词之前；either(“也”)用于否定句末尾,也用逗号隔开；nor(“也不”)用于倒装句句首；如：Are you American,too?(你也是美国人吗？)/ He is not happy and I am not happy, either.(他不愉快,我也不。) / He didn’t watch the football game. Nor did I.(他没有看足球赛,我也没有。)/ You can also find the market is very good.(你还可以发觉那个市场很好。) （3） sometimes、 sometime、 some times 、some time的用法： sometimes(有时)用于一般现在时、 sometime(在将来某时)用于将来时、 some times(数次)表示次数、some time(一些时间)表示一段时间。如：Sometimes they go hiking in the mountains.(他们有时徒步旅行到山里去)/ I will stay here some time.(我会在这儿呆些时候的。)/ I will meet your father sometime.(我什么时候要见见你的父亲。) （4）already、yet的用法：
在完成时中,already一般用于肯定句,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句。如：Have you done it already?(你已经做好了？) / I have not had my breakfast yet.(我还没有吃早饭呢。) （5） hard与hardly的用法：
hard作为副词意思是：“努力地,猛烈地”,hardly是否定词,意思是：“几乎不”,一般与情态动词can/could连用。如：They study English very hard.(他们英语学得很刻苦)/ You can hardly see a person spit in a public place.(在公共场所你几乎看不到一个人随地吐痰) （6）how 的几个短语：
how often“多常,每隔多久”,用于一般时态,对表示频度的词语进行提问； how soon“多久以后”,用于将来时态； how long“多久”,用于过去时、完成时或其他时态； how many times“多少次”,用于过去时或完成时,对总计次数进行提问； how much“多么,多少”,对程度进行提问,也可以对数量(不可数)或金钱进行提问。如：How long have you been like this?(你这样已经多久了？)/ How often does he wash his face?(他每隔多久洗一次脸？) （7）被动语态中,方式副词一般放在be与谓语动词之间。
The runner was badly hurt.(赛跑运动员受了重伤) / English is widely spoken in the world today.(如今世界上英语说得很广泛)
（8）既是形容词也是副词的单词有：
early, late, long, last, next, first, near, enough, much, all, hard, alone, fast, slow, high, low, straight等等。如：It was a long holiday.(那是个长假)/ He stayed there very long.(他在那儿呆了好久)/ Think hard then you will find a way.(好好想你就会找到办法)/ He is a very hard(难对付的) person.(他是个难玩的家伙)
3、形容词、 副词的原级、比较级和最高级 1、分类：形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三级。 原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 2、规则变化: (1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er,est构成比较级和最高级。 a)直接加er,est ：
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b)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加er,est： c)以辅音字母+y结尾的,先把y改为i再加上er,est：
(2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more / most.
3、不规则变化: 原级 good好的 well好；(身体)好的, bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地 ill(身体)不舒服的 many许多的(可数) much许多的(不可数)；非常 little少的 far远的；远地 比较级 better更好的 最高级 best最好的 worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地；(身体)更不舒服的 (身体)最不舒服的 more更多的；更 less更少的 farther更远的；更远地 further进一步的(地) most最多的；最 least最少的 farthest最远的；最远地 furthest最深刻的(地)
4、形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法： (1)讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。基本句型是： 主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 + (very/too/so/quite/rather…) + 形容词/副词原级 +…. 如：He is very old now.(他现在很老了) / They ran quite fast.(它们跑得相当快) / The weather looks rather bad.(天气看上去相当糟) / I am so happy!(我是如此的快乐) ☆表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型：
主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物 +…. 如：He is as excited as his younger sister.(他和他妹妹一样兴奋)/ Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady.(莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢)/ They picked as many apples as the farmers (did).(他们摘的苹果和农民一样多)
☆表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型：
主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词(否定式) + as / so + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物+….
如：He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.(他没他妹妹那么兴奋) / Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly as an old lady. (莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢) / They didn’t pick so / as many apples as the farmers (did). (他们摘的苹果不如农民多)
(2) 讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时,用比较级。基本句型：
主语(‘A’)+谓语动词+(much/a little/even/still)+形容词/副词比较级+than+第二个人物(‘B’)+….
如：A modern train is much faster than a car.(现代的火车比轿车快多了) / This book didn’t cost me more than that one.(这本书花费我的钱不比那本多)
讲述两者有差异,第一个人物不及第二个人物时,用比较级。句型是： 主语(‘A’) + 谓语动词 + less+ (多音节形/副)比较级 + than + 第二个人物(‘B’) +….
如：I think English is less difficult than maths.(我认为英语不比数学难)/ Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language?(你认为学外语不那么重要吗？) (3)讲述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一个时,用最高级。句型是：
主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 +(the) +形容词/副词最高级 +in / of ….
如：The Changjiang River is the longest in China.(长江是中国最长的河流) / He jumped (the) highest of the three (boys).(三个男生中他跳得最高)
4、关于比较等级的重要注释： 1、如果动词是及物或不及物动词,则后面用副词；如果后面是连系动词,则后面用形容词。如：
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This car is the fastest of the four.(形容词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中最快的)/ This car runs (the) fastest of the four.(副词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中跑得最快的) 2、“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。如：The weather is getting warmer and warmer.(天越来越温暖了) 3、“the+比较级…,the+比较级…”表示“越…就越…”。如：The more trees we plant,the better it will be.(我们栽的树越多,情况就会越好)/ The harder you try,the greater your progress is.(你越是努力,进步就越大)
4、一般的形容词或副词的比较级前面可以加much/a little/even/still,而表示数量的more之前还可以加some/ any/ no/ one/ two/ many/ several/ a lot等词。如：It is much colder today than yesterday.(今天比昨天冷多了)/ Would you like some more coffee?(你还要些咖啡吗？)/He did not eat any more.(他没有再吃)
5、more than / less than分别可以理解为“多于/少于”,相当于副词,more than=over; less than=under.如：I lived in New York for more than four months.(我在纽约生活了四个多月) 6、“one of the +最高级+名词(复数)”整个短语为单数含义,谓语要用单数形式。如：One of the oldest houses has been burnt in a fire.(最古老的一幢房子在一场大火中被烧毁了) 7、“Which / Who+动词+形/副 □,□or□?”句型中,如果有两个选项,形/副用比较级,如果有三个选项,形/副用最高级。如：Who has more books, Lin Tao or Han Mei?(林涛和韩梅谁的书最多？)/ Which is the heaviest,a pig,a horse or an elephant?(猪、马、象哪个最重？)
测评五 形容词和副词 巩固
1. Welcome to our hotel. It’s __________ in the city. A. good B. better C. best D. the best
2. --I hear there will be a concert of Sun Yanzi. _____ will it start? --In two days. A. How soon B. How long C. How often D. How far 3. Will you please drive______? The train is leaving soon. A. quick B. faster C. slowly D. more slowly
4. --Can you understand me? --Sorry, I can _____understand what you have said. A. hardly B. almost C. nearly D. easily 5. Shark is getting old and cannot jump as ______ as he did. A. high B. higher C. highest D. much higher
6. --I feel really ______ before the interview --Take it easy. Sure you are the best. A. patient B. serious C. nervous D. cool
7. --Why does Joe look so _______ today? --Because she has got an “A” in her English test.
A. sad B. exciting C. angry D. happy
8. --Now the air in our hometown is even _______ than it was before. --So we must do something to stop it. A. better B. dirty C. more better D. worse 9. -- ______ is “Lucky 52”shown on CCTV-2? --Every week. A. How long B. How often C. How many times D. How soon 10. All of them can take this job. But I want to know who is_______.
A. the most careful B. more careful C. careful D. very careful 11. The food on the plate smells______. You can't eat it.
A. delicious B. badly C. well D. bad 12. —Mum, could I have an MP3 like this?
—Certainly, we can buy ______ one, but as good as this. The price of this kind is a little high. A. a cheap B. a cheaper C. a small D. a smaller 13. — ______ will you be away? —In a couple of weeks. A. What time B. How soon C. How often D. How long
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14. This year our school is ____ than it was last year. A. much more beautiful B. much beautiful C. the most beautiful D. beautiful 15. –Is your stomachache getting __________? --No, it’s worse. A. better B. bad C. less D. well 16. Daniel plays chess __________, if not better than, David. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as 17. Heilongjiang is in the _______ of China.
A. northeast B. northeastern C. northwest D. northwestern 18. The experts think that India's population may be _______than China's ______ 2020. A. much；by B. more; in C. larger；by D. larger；on 19. It is______ nice of you to say so.
A. truly B. true C. really D. real 20. Your classroom is so dirty. Everyone should keep it ______. A. dry B. open C. clean D. quiet 21. China is very _______ the Great Wall and pandas.
A. famous as B. famous for C. ready to D . ready for 22. We can do the work better with____ money and ____ people.
A. less, fewer B. fewer, less C. less, less D. fewer, fewer
23. — Dick, Is Nick your twin brother? — Yes, and I’m thirty minutes _______ than him. A. fatter B. taller C. heavier D. older
24. She parked her car outside the window _______, but the next morning she found it missing. A. as usual B. at least C. so far D. at all
25. ─ This box is ___ heavy for me to carry. Can you help me? ─ Certainly. A. so B. much C. very D. too
26. ─ What do you think of his speech? ─ Oh, wonderful, But his sound really ____ when he first started speaking.
A. aloud B. worried C. nervous D. quiet
27. Miss Smith, a man named John phoned you _____. He asked you to call back him. A. now and then B. just now C. right now D. from now on 28. –What do you think of the bridge? –I have never seen ________ before.
A. so a long one B. so long one C. such a long one D. a such long one 29. Premier Wen(温总理)is _____. He said he would stay up to watch this year’s World Cup matches.
A. a football fan B. over sixty C. interested in music D. good at writing
30.---You look ______ today, Julia! ---Yeah, I’ve got an MP3. It’s a birthday present from my parents. A. sad B. worried C. happy D. tried
31. In some foreign countries, such as Canada, children usually leave their parents when they grow up.
It makes the old feel ________. .
A. alone B. lonely C. frightened D. enjoyable 32. --Which is _______, the sun, the moon, or the earth? --Of course the sun is. A. smaller B. the smallest C. bigger D. the biggest 33. Though the famous dancer TanLihua, is deaf, she dances _____ most of the people. A. as good as B. as well as C. best among D. better than
34.---You borrowed some money from me last year, Mr Green. ---Did I? ______ did you lend me?
A. How many B. How long C. How much D. How soon 35.It is quite hot these days. And today is _______ day. A. hot B. hotter C. as hot as D. the hottest 36. The price of this computer is the ______ of the three.
A. smallest B. biggest C. highest D. tallest
提高
形容词
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1、This is an____book.
A. interest B. interesting C. interested D. interestedly 2、The teacher is____to come.
A.the certain B.will C.certain D.still 3、I am____than him.
A.more tall B.taller C.tallest D.most tall 4、This room is____as that one. A.so big B.as big C.big D.bigger 5、Your English is____good. A.pretty B.much C.far D.still 6、He is____of us three.
A.the tallest B.tallest C.taller D.tall 7、Beijing is one of____cities of the world.
A.the largest B.large C.largest D.larger
8、Now______young people go to college to finish their high education.
A.more and more B.much and much C.many and many D.less and less 9、________you eat, _______you will be.
A.The more, the fatter B.The more, the fat C.The more, the fattest D.More, fatter
10、This new room is________the old one. A.four times as big as B.four times big as C.four times bigger as D.as big as four times
11、This new room is________the old one.
A.four times bigger than B.four times bigger as C.four times bigger as D.as bigger as four times 12、China is larger than________in Asia.
A.any other countries B.any other country C.any countries D.any of the other country 13、This book is________of the two.
A. interesting B. the more interesting C. more interesting D. most interesting
14、Which film is________, this one or that one?
A.interesting B. the more interesting C.more interesting D.most interesting
15、I have never heard a____voice.
A.good B.best C.better D.well 16、________in our school like playing football.
A.Most of boys B.Most of they C.Most of the boys D.One of the boys
17、________in our school is cleverer than Tom.
A.No students B.No other students C.No other student D.Not all student
18、________in your class?
A.Who is the tallest B.Who is the taller C.Is who the tallest D.Which is the tallest 19、Is there________in the book?
A.anything interesting B.interesting anything
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C.something interesting D.interesting something 20、My little brother is________to go to school.
A.old enough B.enough old C.older enough D.enough older
21、Do you have________to say?
A.something else B.else something C.anything else D.else anything
22、This film is wonderful. It________watching.
A.worths B.worth C.is worth D.is worthing 23、I have____ink in my pen.
A.any B.not C.no D.no a 24、I have________shirt.
A.a new yellow fine B.a yellow fine new C.a fine new yellow D.a new fine yellow 25、It is very kind________.
A.of you to help me B.of you helping me C.for you helping me D.for you to help me 26、It is very important________.
A.of me to know her B.of me knowing her C.for me knowing her D.for me to know her 27、This news is____; we are____deeply.
A. surprising, surprising B. surprised, surprised C. surprised, surprising D. surprising, surprised 28、My____brother is two years____than I.
A.elder, elder B.older, older C.older, elder D.elder, older
29、____rich should help____poor. A.The,a B.A,a C.The,the D.A,the 30、The meal smells____.
A.wonderfully B.eat well C.wonderful D.good 31、I have never seen________beautiful girl. A.such B.so C.such a D.so a
32、The park is____from my house, but I____never pass it.
A.near, near B.nearly, nearly C.near, nearly D.nearly, near
33、The____student did not come to school yesterday. A.sick B.ill C.sickness D.illness
34、If it is____ tomorrow, we will go to the Great Wall. A.fine B.good C.well D.nice 副词 1、You should do your homework ____next time.
A. carefully B. more carefully C. most carefully D.the most carefully 2、He ____ to school at seven? A. often go B. go often C. goes often D. often goes 3、He has____ visited the school. A. already B. yet C. still D. often 4、He still works at the desk until____ every night.
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A. latest B. last C. lately D. late 5、He was three hours later than____ .
A. usually B. usual C. more usually D. more usual 6、Tom is ____ fat.
A. rather B. few C. little D. fairly 7、I ____want some coffee.
A. too B. also C. as well D. either 8、Tom was here a few minutes____ . A. ago B. before C. last D. late
9、The news that the team won made him ____ excited. A. such B. quite C. too D. so
10、On my way ____ , I lost my wallet.
A. to home B. for home C. home D. at home 11、The time will come back ____.
A. no more B. not more C. no longer D. not longer 12、The building was repaired____.
A. long before B. before long C. after long D. long after 13、I could____ believe my eyes. A. hard B. hardly C. harder D. hardest 14、Please sit down ____ to me.
A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing 15、He is too tired, and can't go a step ____.
A. far B. farther C. farthest D. longer 16、He went to Beijing ____. A. lonely B. long C. along D. alone 17、It's ____midnight.
A. near B. nearly C. nearer D. far 阅读理解
根据下面一篇短文的内容判断下列句子的正误，正确的用”A”表示，错误的用“B”表示。
One afternoon Bob and Jane were walking along a quiet street when they heard a big noise from the street corner. They ran there and found that a small car had knocked into the side of a
“Bob,” said Jane, “run back down the road to Mrs Day’s house. Ask her to call the police and the ambulance(救护车
Bob went off as fast as he could. There was nothing Jane could do but wait. She knew that when people were hurt in an accident，
It wasn’t long before the police car and the ambulance arrived. The policemen got the car door open and moved the man out. Then they got the truck driver out. Luckily，the men weren’t badly hurt，but they were both taken to hospital. The policemen thanked Bob and Jane. “You were very good to act so quickly when you saw the 1. The accident happened in a quiet street one afternoon. 2. Bob，Jane，Mrs Day and the policemen heard the noise.
5. Jane had got the drivers out before the policemen arrived. (4)1.A 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.B
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牛津深圳版重点词组（六）
【必背词组】
1. behind bars 坐牢 2. bump into 撞击
3. hardly ever 难得；几乎不
4. be unaware of 不知道；未察觉 5. dependent on 依赖于 6. for the time being 暂时
7. in one’s opinion 据某人看来 8. except for 除……之外 9. succeed in 成功
10. take turns 轮流；依次
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