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高考英语考点精析复习讲义-动词及动词短语

2024-08-25 来源:小奈知识网
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第五讲 动词和动词短语

典型例题

动词是英语语言中的第一大词,是组成句子的“骨架”,所以高考测试将会继续加强对动词和动词词组的考查。

最近几年英语高考对动词及动词短语的考查主要集中在以下几个方面: 1.动词的理解及动词特有的句型结构。 2.动词的延续性和非延续性。 3.词义辨析。

4.动词短语的搭配。

能够在真实的语言环境中恰当使用意义相近的动词和动词词组或固定搭配中的动词。 应试高分瓶颈

1.英语中动词的词义丰富,用法灵活,不易掌握。平日学习中,既要增加阅读量,在实际运用中领悟动词的意义和用法。又要集中时间和精力学习一些难掌握的词(组)。特别是一些最常用的基础词汇,如Set,have,make,take等和一些难辨的同义词(组),更要集中突破。 2.解题时,首先要研读题干,找出信息词,理顺句意,再作最佳选择。

3.既要注重同义词(组)间的语法差异,又要注意它们之间的意义差异,如share和spare等。

◎命题点 动词和动词短语 命题点 动词和动词短语 本类考题解答锦囊

1.高考对动词和动词短语的考查,往往以词义辨析和动词短谣撂配为主。

词语辨析,尤其是动词及动词短语的辨析是高考试题中难度较大的题,这些动词及动词短语有些是同义词,有些是近义词,是同义词的意义、含义和使场合不完全相同,是近义词的词义肯定有差别。所以我们必须了解它们之间的细微差别及放在句子中的差别,以适应难度越来越大的高考。对词语辨析要求越来越高的一个表现是把词语辨析、语法测试、构词法知识和日常交际用语融合在一起。高考题目灵活多变的特点在这一部分体现得相当明显。因此,学习词语不能只靠死记硬背,而要提高在具体语境中的分辨和灵活运用的能力。

2.在学习过程中,要把结构类似、用法相同或相近的短语放在一起比较,可以帮助记忆,加深理解。

① ask for,look for,search for,prepare for,long for,hope for,wish for: ②tree...Irom,keep...from,prevent,..from,stop...from,save...from,protect... from...; ③distinguish...from,tell...from,separate...from,differ...from; ④supply...with,provide...with,fi11...with,feed...with; ⑤warn...of,remind...。of,imforlm...of,convince...of; ⑥cure...of,rid...of,rob...of,relieve...of.

3.不要受汉语表达习惯的束缚,英语和汉语作为不同的两种语言,不可能存在精确的对应,关系。一方面要多做一些词义辨析的练习,另一方面在平常的阅读中要深入理解词语的各种结构特点和语意寓言特征。

I 高考最新热门题

1.(典型例题You can take anything from the shelf and read,but please________the books

when you've finished with them. A. put On B.put down C.put back D. put Off

命题目的与解题技巧:该题考查动词put所构成短语的用法。

【解 析】 句意:你可以从书架上随便拿书去读,但是读完以后请把书放回原处。这四个短语动..

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词分别具有以下用法: put on穿上(衣服),打开(电器)开关,长胖或增加若干体重,演出(戏剧)等;put down将(飞机)着陆,(公共汽车)让某人下车,羞辱或怠慢某人,把事物储藏起来,把某物写下来,使用力量或权威禁止、压制或废止某事物;putoff(车船)停住让某人下去推迟或取消会议或与某人的约会,使某人不高兴,关掉某电器put back把某物放回原处,把(钟表指针)倒拨,使某物延期或推迟等。

显然,只有putback\"把某物放回原处”,才能使题干句语意通达。 【答 案】 C

2.(典型例题ospital staff burst into cheers after doctors completed a 20-hour operation to have________one-yearold twins at the head. A. isolated B. separated

C. divided D. removed

答案: B 指导:isolate意义“孤立,隔离”,separate意为“分离,分开”,强调把原本分开的东西隔开。divide强调把整体分成部分。remove则表示“移开,移走,去除”。根据题干是给一岁大的连体双胞胎做分离手术,故应选择B为正确答案。

3.(典型例题)It was not a serious illness, and she soon________it.

A. got over B. got on with C. got around D. got out of

答案:A 指导:getover:toreturntoone'susualstateOfhealth从疾病中恢复过来。getonwith有很多意思,其中常见的意思是“……进展,与……相处”。getaround逃避,回避。getout出版,发表,生产,逃走。

4. (典型例题)They see you as something of a worrier, _________problems which don't exist and crossing bridges long before you come to them. A. settling B. discovering

C. seeing D. designing

答案:C 指导:根据后面的don'texist可排除选项A、B,因为既然不存在,也就谈不上解决或发现;选项C意思是“设想、想象”,强调主观空想;D的意思是“计划、设计、策划等”,强调周密的思考,具有很强的科学性。句意:他们把你看作一个令人烦躁的人,因为你老是想到一些根本不存在的问题,并操之过急。显然对习语~crossbridges longbeforeyoucometothem\"的正确理解很重要。 5. (典型例题--How about eight o'clock outside the cinema?

--That_________ me fine.

A. fits B. meets

C. satisfies D. suits

答案:D 指导:that指发话人的提议:(meetingat)eight O’clockoutsidethecinema八点钟在电影院处(见面)。答话人表示在意思:这个提议正好适合我。四个动词的意义和用法差异如下:①fit指某物在大小、外形上适合某人或某物。②meet指某物能够满足某需求、要求或条件。③satisfy指某人或某物足以让人感到满足或高兴。④Stllt指某示情况对某人来说是可接受的或方便的,而且常常用very well或fine(= verywell)修饰来加强程度。综合以上信息可以断定,最佳选项应是D项。 Ⅱ 题点经典类型题

1.(典型例题) Her talent and experience_________ her to the respect of her colleagues. A. permitted B. qualified C. deserved D. entitled

命题目的与解题技巧:该题考查动词词义及用法的辨析。 【解 析】 permit\"允许”,后加①名/代/动名词;②宾语+to do sth;qualify\"(使)具有资格,给(人)某种权利”,其搭配是 qualifysb.for/as sth;deserve\"应受(奖励等),值得”,后直接加宾语;entitle\"给予某人获得某事物或做某事的权利”,其常用搭配是entitle sb.to sth.句意:她的才

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智和经验使得她得到了同事的尊敬。 【答 案】 D

2.(典型例题断)When you rewrite the paragraph, I advise you to_________the last sentence as it is rather misleading.

A. point out B. make out

C. leave out D. put out 答案:C 指导:leaveout省去,删去。“……因为容易引起误解,重写这一段时我建议把最后一句删去。”

3.(典型例题测) The more one is_________ the English-speaking environment, the better he or she will learn the language.

A. exposed to B. filled in

C. caught on D. kept up

答案:A 指导:exposedto使接触,befilledin被填人。

4.(典型例题)A student his family lots of money for education.

A. spends B. costs

C. takes D. pays

答案:B 指导:动词后面接双宾语,故用cost.受for的影响易错选D.

5.(典型例题航)Under good treatment, Linda is beginning to_________and will soon recover.

A. pick up B. pick out

C. turn up D. show up

答案:A 指导:pick UP在此表示“改善,好转”之意。 Ⅲ 新高考命题探究

1.I didn't_________ the_________seriousness of the country's problems until I went there myself.

A. realize; true B. recognize; real

C. realize; real D. recognize; true 答案:A 指导:前项所缺的词,应意为“意识到”;后项所缺的词, 应意为“真正的严重性”,true意为“真正的”,“与事实一致 的”。 2. Let's not drink all the rice wine now. We can_________some for later use. A. have B. stay

C. keep D. remain

答案:C 指导:作“保留”解时,stay后跟形容词,表状态的持续;remain为不及物动词;而keep

为及物动词。故选C 3.Everyone knows Americans as\"Yanks\"which _________Yankees used during the Civil

War for the northern states for the US. A. is short for B. means

C. stands as D. shows

答案:A 指导:isshortfor是……的简称

4.If you're driving there,I wonder if you can give me a_________. A. hand B. seat

C. drive D. lift

答案:D指导:givemealift捎我一程。

5.We must figure out how to solve the problem as soon as possible. So_________,we haven't got much time.

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A. arrive at the spot B. have an idea

C. get to the point D. come to an end

答案:C 指导:get to the point言归正传。

6.The workers agreed to_________the strike if their demand was immediately satisfied. A. call for B. call out C. call up D. call off 答案:D指导:calloff取消,停止。 探究性命题综合测试 考场热身

1. --I'd like to go to the movie with you,Dad.

--Sorry, my son, but only the grown-- ups are_________into the cinema. A. required B. intended

C. admitted D. supposed 答案:C 指导:beadmitted into固定搭配,“允许进入”;若用in tend就和介词for搭配。 2. --How can the problem be solved?

--Well,we must ________it to the president's own judgment. A. depend B. leave

C. suggest D. realize 答案: B 指导:leave...toone'sownjudgement是固定词组,“交给某人自己决定。 3. While he was in his college days he used to_________long hair. A. dress B. wear

C. remain D. grow B 指导:“蓄头发”只用wear,其它几个词可以和衣物搭配, 但不能指留头发。

4. --Where does Mr Green come from?

--I'm not sure,but his English_________Australia. A. suggests B. sounds

C. advises D. shows

答案:A 指导:suggest在此为“说明、表明”后直接接宾语; sounds后应为澳大利亚人。 5. His answer us by surprise.

A. caught B. puzzled

C. shocked D. took

答案: D指导:\"takesbbysurprise\"是固定词组,“让某人吃惊,使……惊讶”。

6.It looks as if they are going to _________us a lot of money for the concert hall. A. demand B. cost

C. charge D. ask 答案:C 指导:demand意思不符;cost的主语应是物;若用ask, 需和for搭配,ask sb. for sth. 7. --All the lights have gone out in our classroom buildhI --Yes. Perhaps they have_________electricity. A. cut through B. cut down

C. cut off D. cut up 答案: C 指导:Cutoff\"切断水、电等的供应。”由上文灯全熄了可以判断他们可能停止供电了。 8. When they came in,Mr Harris _________like a baby. Nohe would like to wake him from a good dream. He neeresL__________.

A. fell asleep B. was sound asleep

C. got asleep D. went to sleep

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答案:B 指导:“他们进来时,Mr Harris正在熟睡”。在此应为表状态的词,而fall asleep和go to sleep都表动作“入睡”,“去睡觉”。 9.The boss_________ 30 dollars from my salary without good reason. A. brought down B. kept back

C. cut off D. held up 答案:B 指导:keep back\"扣留”;bring down“使……(的价钱)降下来”;out off“切断”;holdu旷阻碍”。 10.--How much will it_________my father and me to go Chicago? --It's $ 120 in all.

A. pay for B. take as

C. spend D. cost for

答案:D 指导:hcosts(sb.)somemoneyforsb.to do sth.意为“某人做某事花费了一些钱”。还可以说:sth costs sb. some money.

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