全国英语等级考试

第四级

PUBLIC ENGLISH TEST SYSTEM (PETS)

LEVEL 4

Section Ⅰ Listening Comprehension

(30 minutes)

Directions:

This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are THREE parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C.

Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.

If you have any questions, you may raise your hand NOW as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started.

Now look at Part A in your test booklet. Part A Directions:

For Questions 1- 5, you will hear a report on a survey recently done in Britain. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.

Part B Directions:

For Questions 6-10, you will hear an interview with Rosemary, a self-employed dog trainer in Hong Kong. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6．What is the most important quality for a dog trainer? 7．When does Rosemary usually work?

8．There is a clearer career path overseas because there are 9．Dogs may lose all their trust in people if they are

10．What is the starting monthly salary for a dog trainer with a degree? Part C

Directions:

You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece once only. Questions 11--13 are based on the following talk about prodigies, kids with unusual natural abilities. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11--13. 11. What was John Stuart Mill?

[A] A historian. [B] A composer.

[C] A philosopher. [D] A mathematician. 12. What has been found about children of unusual talent? [A] Many of them are from middle-class families. [B] There are more girls than boys among them. [C] They are mostly born by natural childbirth.

[D] Their parents are usually ambitious and humorous. 13. What can be inferred from the talk?

[A] Material wealth goes hand in hand with mental emptiness.

[B] Environment plays a decisive role in the development of prodigies. [C] Success has not always brought happiness to prodigies.

[D] Public praise will help prodigies to find the value of their lives.

Questions 14--16 are based on the interview with British singer and songwriter Beth Orton. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14--16.

14. When did Beth Orton begin singing? [A] After she met William.

[B] Before she went to acting classes. [C] After she dropped out of school. [D] Before she joined a traveling group.

15. When is the best time of a woman's life, as Beth Orton was told? [A] In her 60s. [B] In her 40s. [C] In her 30s. [D] In her 20s. 16. What does Beth Orton want to do in the next year or so? [A] Improve her skills in playing the drums. [B] Learn how to play the violin.

[C] Try some strange musical instruments. [D] Train herself in coordination.

Questions 17--20 are based on the following discussion with Dr. Jane Richard about premarital contracting. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17--20.

17. How do people see premarital contracting in general? [A] It is unfeasible and unnecessary. [B] It has no effect on true love.

[C] It is only effective for someone rich and famous. [D] It suggests distrust between the two partners. 18. What does the woman think of premarital contracting? [A] It helps a couple know more about each other. [B] It makes a couple's relationship more stable. [C] It helps to develop genuine love in a couple.

[D] It makes a couple feel more comfortable with each other.

19. What is the divorce rate, according to the interviewer? [A] 50%. [B] 30%. [C] 20%. [D] 10%.

20. What is essential in premarital contracting, according to the woman? [A] Financial status. [B] Legal documents. [C] Attitude to marriage. [D] Communication.

You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1. This is the end of Listening Comprehension.

Section Ⅱ Use of English

(15 minutes)

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Believe it or not, airlines really are trying to do better. They promised to improve customer service last year (21) pressure from a Congress which was (22) stories of nightmare flights.

So why is it that flying is getting (23) for so many passengers, (24) airlines are spending billions of dollars to improve service, (25) in new equipment such as mobile check-in stations and portable phone banks so travelers can quickly (26) a flight when it is delayed or canceled? The fact is that air travel has (27) been such an annoyance, and customer complaints to the Transportation Department doubled in 1999 (28) 1998.

It seems Mother Nature would (29) people by bus this year. An unusual run of bad weather, (30) long walls of thunderstorms, has crippled airports lately and led to widespread delays and cancellations. After similar problems last summer, the FAA promised to work more closely with airlines (31) weather slowdowns--for example, FAA and airline representatives now gather at a single location in Herndon, Va. , to (32) the best way to allocate the available airspace. But even the FAA (33) the new initiative has fallen (34) of expectations, and many passengers complain that the delays seem (35) . Part of the problem is overcrowded planes. (36) the strong economy, U.S. airlines are expected to carry a record 665 million passengers this year, up 5 percent from last year. On (37) , planes are about 76 percent full these days, also a (38) . That's good news for the Transport Department, which are profitably loading more passengers (39) each flight, and bad news for passengers, (40) irritations build rapidly in fight quarters.

21. [A] under [B] below [C] beneath [D] beyond 22. [A] held back by [B] fed up with [C] taken in by [D] filled in with 23. [A] inferior [B] worse [C] desperate [D] fatal 24. [A] as if [B] so that [C] even though [D] now that 25. [A] upgrading [B] purchasing [C] installing [D] investing 26. [A] reclaim [B] reserve [C] recall [D] rebook

27. [A] never [B] often [C] also [D] always 28. [A] since [B] upon [C] over [D] from 29. [A] persist [B] presume [C] prefer [D] permit

30. [A] featuring [B] capturing [C] distinguishing [D] characterizing 31. [A] charged with [B] responding to [C] replying to [D] abiding by 32. [A] draw in [B] follow up [C] figure out [D] set aside 33. [A] admits [B] allows [C] reveals [D] claims 34. [A] lagging [B] lacking [C] scarce [D] short

35. [A] absolute [B] arbitrary [C] plentiful [D] superfluous

36. [A] According to [B] Except for [C] Thanks to [D] Based on 37. [A] calculation [B] average [C] estimate [D] total 38. [A] fantasy [B] monument [C] legend [D] record 39. [A] at [B] for [C] over [D] on 40. [A] since [B] although [C] unless [D] if

Section Ⅲ Reading Comprehension

(60 minutes)

Part A Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Text 1

The future of space exploration depends on many things. It depends on how technology evolves, how political forces shape competition and partnerships between nations, and how important the public feels space exploration is. The near future will see the continuation of human space flight in Earth's orbit and unpiloted space flight within the solar system. Piloted space flight to other planets, or even back to the moon, still seems far away. Any flight to other solar systems is even more distant, but a huge advance in space technology could drive space exploration into realms currently explored only by science fiction.

The 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey depicted commercial shuttles flying to and from a giant wheel-shaped space station in orbit around Earth, bases on the moon, and a piloted mission to Jupiter. The real space activities of 2001 will not match this cinematic vision, but the 21st century will see a continuation of efforts to transform humanity into a spacefaring species.

Perhaps the most difficult problem space planners face is how to finance a vigorous program of piloted space exploration, in Earth's orbit and beyond. In 1998 no single government or international enterprise had plans to send people back to the moon, much less to Mars. Such missions are unlikely to happen until the perceived value exceeds their cost.

One belief shared by a number of space exploration experts is that future lunar and Martian expeditions should be aimed at creating permanent settlements. The residents of such outposts would have to \"live off the land,\" obtaining such necessities as oxygen and water from the harsh environment. On the moon, pioneers could obtain oxygen by heating lunar soil. In 1998 the Lunar Prospector discovered evidence of significant deposits of ice, a valuable resource for settlers, mixed with soil at the lunar poles. On Mars, oxygen could be extracted from the atmosphere and water could come from buried deposits of ice.

The future of piloted lunar and planetary exploration remains largely unknown. Most space exploration scientists believe that people will be on the moon and Mars by the middle of the 21st century, but how they get there, and the nature of their visits, is a subject of continuing debate. Clearly, key advances will need to be made in lowering the cost of getting people off Earth, the first step in any human voyage to other worlds. 41. A flight to other solar systems will be made more possible by [A] technological breakthroughs. [B] international co-operation. [C] market competition. [D] public pressure.

42. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that human society will become increasingly [A] worried about life on other planets. [B] dependent on space tourism.

[C] accustomed to long-distance flights. [D] associated with space exploration.

43. According to this text, piloted space missions will need to be [A] more exciting than earlier film versions. [B] supported by international organizations.

[C] more cost-effective than they appear to be at present. [D] financed by individual governments.

44. It is predicted that people who will live on other planets would have to [A] appreciate the harsh conditions they encounter there. [B] depend on the natural resources available there. [C] take most daily necessities along with them. [D] engage in scientific research.

45. It is difficult to send people to other planets because of [A] lack of capacity of space exploration vehicles. [B] the financial expenditure involved in space travel. [C] controversial nature of space travel.

[D] the uncertain future of space exploration.

Text 2

Empowering workers constitutes the first step toward a stronger economy and stronger citizenry. It is a vital step toward overcoming inequality in American society. During the 1980s, the need for better wages for all workers increased as women, traditionally secondary earners, assumed greater responsibility for their own and their children's well-being. Yet the ability to raise families to a decent living standard through wage work decreased; real wages fell for most workers. And the Federal Government enacted, no new policies to facilitate the integration of work and family, as working women and Working families suffered a loss in political power as well. Black or Hispanic women are four times as likely to be low-wage workers as are white men with comparable skills and experience. White women are more than three times as likely as white men to be low-wage workers, and black or Hispanic men more than one-and-a-half times as likely. More than half of ail low-wage workers are the only wage workers in their families, or live alone.

Employment no longer provides an escape from poverty. More than eight million working adults are poor; two million of them work full-time, year-round. More than seven million poor children have at least one working parent. When that one working parent is a low-wage worker, the children have no better chance of escaping from poverty than if the parent were not working at all; more than two-fifths of such children are poor.

Even if generous income assistance were available, file wages employers pay would be held to a minimum. In addition, policies such as tax credits for working parents do nothing to increase the political power of working women and men.

Our research shows that unionization is among the most effective strategies for raising pay, especially for women and minority men. Being a union member, or being covered by a collective-bargaining agreement, raised 1984 wages by ＄1.79 per hour for Hispanic men, ＄1. 32 for black men, ＄1.26 for Hispanic women, ＄1.01 for black women, ＄0.68 for white women, and＄ 0.41 for white men, when all other factors, such as occupation, industry, firm size, education and experience were held constant. In percentage terms, the union increase was more than 15 percent for blacks and Hispanics, 11 percent for white women, and 4 percent for white men.

46. During the 1980s, women started to play a more important role in

[A] demanding political rights. [B] improving social welfare. [C] supporting the family. [D] earning better wages. 47. According to Paragraph 2, who are most likely to be poor? [A] Women of color. [B] White women. [C] Men of color. [D] White men.

48. According to Paragraph 3, having a job [A] means earning a low wage.

[B] has never provided a way out of poverty.

[C] does not mean that the children will become rich.

[D] may not be a guarantee for a poor family to become better off. 49. The term \"unionization\" (Line 1, Paragraph 5) refers to [A] mobilizing all workers to seize power. [B] gathering workers into an organized group. [C] working out strategies to raise workers' pay.

[D] changing wage policies for women and minority men. 50. What is the theme of the text?

[A] The causes of low-wage problems. [B] The inequality of workers' pay. [C] The improvement of the rates of pay. [D] The economy and the rates of pay.

Text 3

Du Bois was a sociological and educational pioneer who challenged the established system of education that tended to restrict rather than to advance the progress of black Americans. He challenged what is called the \"Tuskegee machine\" of Booker T. Washington, the leading educational spokesperson of the blacks in the U. S..A sociologist and historian, Du Bois called for a more determined and activist leadership than Washington provided. Unlike Washington, whose roots were is southern black agriculture, Du Bois's career spanned both sides of the Mason-Dixon Line. He was a native of Massachusetts, received his undergraduate education from Fisk University in Nashville, did his graduate study at Harvard University, and directed the Atlanta University Studies of Black American Life in the South. Du Bols approached the problem of racial relations in the United States from two dimensions: as a scholarly researcher and as an activist for civil rights. Among his works was the famous empirical sociological study, The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study, in which he examined that city's black population and made recommendations for the school system. Du Bols's Philadelphia study was the pioneer work on urban blacks in America.

Du Bois had a long and active career as a leader in the civil rights movement. He helped to organize the Niagara Movement in 1905, which led to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), established in 1909. From 1910 until 1934, Du Bois edited The Crisis, the major journal of the NAACP. In terms of its educational policy, the NAACP position was that all American children and youth should have genuine equality of educational opportunity. This policy, which Du Bois helped to formulate, stressed the following themes: (1) public s chooling should be free and compulsory for all American children; (2) secondary schooling should be provided for all youth; (3) higher education should not be monopolized by any special class or race.

As a leader in education, Du Bois challenged not only the tradition of racial segregation in the schools but also the accommodationist ideology of Booker T. Washington. The major difference between the two men was that Washington sought change that was evolutionary in nature and did not upset the social order, whereas Du Bois demanded immediate change. Du Bois believed in educated leadership for blacks, and he developed a concept referred to as the \"talented tenth,\" according to which 10 percent of the black population would receive a traditional college education in preparation for leadership.

51. Compared with B. T. Washington, Du Bois's political stand was [A] less popular. [B] more radical.

[C] less aggressive. [D] more conservative. 52. According to the text, Du Bols worked as all of the following EXCEPT

[A] an editor. [B] an educator. [C] a scholar. [D] an official. 53. It is Du Bois's belief that

[A] the blacks have a priority in terms of education. [B] higher education should be free for all races. [C] everyone has an equal right to education. [D] development in education should be gradual.

54. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?

[A] Washington would not appreciate the idea of overthrowing social order. [B] Racial separation is an outcome of accommodationist ideology. [C] Washington would not support determined activist leadership. [D] The Philadelphia Negro is a book on blacks in American South. 55. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that [A] many blacks are prepared for leadership.

[B] Du Bois was in favor of \"elite education\" for blacks. [C] Washington and Du Bois had never been friends. [D] only the top 10 percent are worth educating.

Text 4

Our analysis therefore suggests that the real problem facing the black community lies in the educational obstacles prior to the Ph. D. programs rather than in the pour-in of foreign students. Equally, our analysis suggests that we ought to treat foreign students as an important source of brain gain for us and that we ought to facilitate, rather than hinder, their arrival and their entry into our work force. How could this be done?

There is a long-standing provision in our immigration laws under which those who bring in a certain amount of financial capital (which will \"create jobs\") are allowed to immigrate: A foreigner who invests one million dollars in a commercial enterprise established in a high-unemployment area, which creates jobs for at least ten Americans, is automatically given immigrant status (i.e., a green card). We suggest extending the idea from financial to human capital.

Currently, graduate students who wish to stay on in the United States after their Ph. D. s must be sponsored by their employers, a process that imposes substantial hardship both on the students and on smaller employers. The standard procedure is in two stages. First, the U. S. Department of Labor must, on the basis of a U. S. employer's sponsorship, certify that \"no American can do this job.\" Then, the would-be immigrant must apply for immigrant status at the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). If all goes right, the entire process takes about two years (considerably more for citizens of certain countries). But things may not go right: there could be problems at either stage. Thus, the employer or the \"alien\" must hire an immigration lawyer. The current process, then, is costly both to the would-be immigrant and to the employer (and hence, it unfairly penalizes smaller firms that cannot afford this expensive process and so cannot recruit this foreign talent).

The Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1990 introduced an alternative route for professors and researchers to secure immigrant status. Essentially, it eliminates the average processing time to about one year, it does not eliminate any of the uncertainty or the need for expensive legal counsel.

We budget that automatic green cards be given to all those who obtain a Ph. D. in the science and engineering programs at our universities. In adopting such a \"guaranteed green card\" proposal, we would be recognizing the important contribution that these students make to our leading position in science by giving equal weight to human capital and financial capital.

56. Prior to this text, the author has most probably made an analysis of [A] brain gain in the United States.

[B] the cause of problems of the black people.

[C] the U. S educational programs for blacks.

[D] the procedure of foreign students' immigration.

57. Which of the following statements will the author most probably agree with? [A] Foreign students are a new source of financial capital.

[B] Ph. D. graduates should automatically be given green cards. [C] Foreign Ph. D. graduates may function as a kind of capital.

[D] Foreign investors ought to immigrate to high unemployment areas. 58. A foreign graduate student who applies for immigrant status must have [A] a U.S. employer's sponsorship. [B] financial capital to create ten jobs. [C] a job in an American company. [D] the help of an immigration lawyer.

59. Smaller enterprises have difficulty using foreign talent because of [A] the costly recruiting process. [B] the expensive legal counsel.

[C] the competition from big companies. [D] the inability to provide sponsorship.

60. The author's proposal differs from the Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1990 in [A] the kind of green card.

[B] the amount of investment capital. [C] the budget for the whole process. [D] the certainty of issuing green cards. Part B Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese, Write your translation clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

The cost of staging the year 2000 Olympics in Sydney is estimated to be a staggering ＄ 960 million, but 61) the city is preparing to reap the financial benefits that come from holding such an international event by equaling the commercial success of Los Angeles, the only city yet to have made a demonstrable profit from the Games in 1984. At precisely 4:20 a.m. on Friday the 24th of September 1993, it was announced that Sydney had beaten five other competing cities around the world, and Australians everywhere, not only Sydneysiders, were justifiably proud of the result. 62) But, if Sydney had lost the bid, would the taxpayers of New South Wales and of Australia have approved of governments spending millions of dollars in a failed and costly exercise? There may have been some consolation in the fact that the bid came in ＄ 1 million below the revised budget and ＄ 5 million below the original budget of ＄ 29 million formulated in mid-1991. However, the final cost was the considerable sum of ＄ 24 million, the bulk of which was paid for by corporate and community contributions, merchandising, licensing, and the proceeds of lotteries, with the NSW Government, which had originally been willing to spend up to ＄ 10 million, contributing some ＄ 2 million. 63)The Federal Government's grant of ＄ 5 million meant, in effect, that the Sydney bid was financed by every Australian taxpayer. Prior to the announcement of the winning city, there was considerable debate about the wisdom of taking financial risks of this kind at a time of economic recession. 64) Others argued that 70% of the facilities were already in place, and all were on government-owned land, removing some potential areas of conflict which troubled previous Olympic bidders. The former NSW Premier, Mr. Nick Greiner, went on record as saying that the advantage of having the Games... \"is not that you are going to have ＄ 7.4 billion in extra gross domestic product over the next 14 years.\" 65) I think the real point is the psychological change, the gaining of confidence, apart from the other more obvious reasons, such as the building of sporting facilities, tourism, and things of that nature. Section Ⅳ Writing

(35 minutes)

Directions:

66. Read the following statement and write an essay on it. In your essay, you should 1) state your opinion, and 2) support it with examples.

\"The man who reads well is the man who thinks well, who has a background for opinion and a stand for judgment.\"

You should write 160--200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

2007年9月笔试真卷答案

Section Ⅰ Listening Comprehension

1. accountants 2. biographies 3. forty-six 4. lawyers

5. contemporary 6. understanding

7. evenings and weekends 8. training opportunities 9. beaten so much 10. 10,000 HK dollars

11. C 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. B 16. B 17. D 18. A 19. A 20. D

Section Ⅱ Use of English

21．A [精析] under pressure 为固定短语，表示“在压力下，被迫”。故选A。

22．B [精析] hold back 阻止；be fed up with 厌烦；take in 受骗；fill in with 用…填满。由上下文可知，国会应该是厌倦了恶梦般的飞行故事，因此B项最符合题意。

23．B [精析] inferior低等的；desperate 绝望的；fatal 致命的；worse 更差的。由下文“The fact is that air travel has (27) been such an annoyance；and... ”可以看出，乘客的投诉越来越多，证明乘飞机旅行变得越来越糟，所以这里应该选B。

24．C [精析] as if 好像；so that 为的是…；even though 即使；now that 既然。由后文航空公司所做的努力和变得更糟的结果来看，前后分句是转折关系，故选C。

25．D [精析] upgrade 提高；purchase 购买；install 安装；invest投资。 invest in为固定搭配，意为“买进”，故选D。

26．D [精析] reclaim 改造；reserve 储备，保存；recall 回忆；rebook 重新预定。能接a flight 作宾语的只有rebook，重新预定航班，故选D。

27．D [精析] 从本题的后半句中1998年和1999年乘客对交通运输局的投诉可以看出，乘飞机旅行一直让人很烦恼，故选D。 28．A [精析] 本句的意思是从1998年以后，顾客对交通运输局的不满在1999年翻了一番，因此since(从…以后)最合适。故选A。

29．C [精析] 从后面反常的坏天气使机场瘫痪，延误了很多航班来看，大自然似乎更愿意人们乘公共汽车，故选C。

30．A [精析] feature 作为及物动词表示“以…为特色”；capture 捕获，获得；distinguish 区别，使显出特色，一般与from 连用，即distinguish A from B；characterize 以…为特征，一般用于被动语态。这里是说坏天气主要是雷雨，故选A。

31．B [精析] be charged with 承担责任；respond to 回答，响应，有反应； reply to 回答，答复，一般指口头回答；abide by 遵守。本句中， airlines 和 weather slowdowns 之间是“航空公司负责天气引起延误”或“航空公司对天气引起延误作出反应”，如果选A，不应该是主动语态，故选B。

32．C [精析] draw in 拉进，拉入，诱使某人参与；follow up 追究，追查； figure out 想出；set aside 留出。这里是说航空公司的代表要想出最好的方法分配可用的领空，故选C。

33．A [精析] admit承认；allow允许；reveal揭示；claim宣布。前句话说联邦航空部做了努力，本句和前句是转折关系，意思是即便如此，就连联邦航空部也承认新的倡议有负众望，故选A。

34．D [精析] lag滞后，延迟；lack欠缺，不足，作为动词通常以lack in...的形式出现，作为名词通常以lack of... 的形式出现；scarce缺乏的，不足的，一般作表语，如 be scarce；fall short of 为固定搭配，意为“未达到目的”。故选D项。

35．A [精析] absolute 绝对的，必然的；arbitrary 任意的；plentiful 充足的； superfluous 过剩的，过多的。that 后的从句作complain 的宾语，由前一分句联邦航空部也承认新的倡议有负众望可推知，许多乘客抱怨航班延误好像是“必然的”，故选A。

36．D [精析] according to 根据；except for 除了…；thanks to 幸亏，由于； based on 基于…。本句意为：基于雄厚的经济基础，人们期望美国航空公司今年能达到运输乘客达655，000，000名的记录。故选 D项。

37．B [精析] 本题是对on average“平均”这个固定短语的考查。故选B。

38．D [精析] fantasy 想象，幻想；monument 纪念品；legend 传说；record记录，最高成绩。根据题意，现在飞机平均达到了76%的载客率，这也是一个记录，故选D。

39．D [精析] 本题考查与flight 搭配的介词，表示“在每一航班上”，只能用on。故选D。

40．A [精析] since 因为…；although虽然，即使；unless 除非；if如果。这句话是对前半句的解释说明，两句话是因果关系，所以选A项。 Section Ⅲ Reading Comprehension Part A Text 1 41．A [精析] 从第一段最后一句话“Any flight to other solar systems is even more distant，but a huge advance in space technology could drive space exploration into realms currently explored only by science fiction.”可看出，技术上的突破才能使进入太阳系成为可能，B、C、D三项只是影响太空探索的未来的因素。故选A。 42．D [精析] 从最后一段最后一句话“... but the 21st century will see a continuation of efforts to transform humanity into a spacefaring species.”可知，人类一直进行着太空探索。这与D项答案所表达的意思一致。 43．C [精析] 第三段说探索太空的专家们正面临着如何降低太空飞行的成本问题，因此载人太空任务只能在成本大大降低时才能成为可能。只有C项最为贴切。

44．B [精析] 文章第四段第二句话指出人类要想在其他星球上生活就必须在艰苦的环境中获得生活必需品。只有B项表达了这个意思。

45．B [精析] 由文章第三段“Perhaps the most difficult problem space planners face is how to finance a vigorous program of piloted space exploration...”可知，人类抵达其他星球的最大问题是资金问题，故选B。 Text2

46．C [精析] 从文章第一段第三句话“... women，traditionally secondary earners，assumed greater responsibility for their own and their children's well-being.”中可以看出，20世纪80年代女性开始在养家方面起到了重要的作用。只有C项符合题意。

47．A [精析] 文章第二段第二句话对白人女性、白人男性。有色人种的女性、有色人种的男性的工资作了比较，“White women are more than three times as likely as white men to be low-wage workers，and black or Hispanic men more than one-and-a-half times as likely.”比较之下只有有色人种的女性可能是最贫穷的。答案A符合题意。

48．C [精析] 从第三段可以看出，有工作不再意味着就可以摆脱贫穷，孩子们不可能因为低收入的父母而变得富有，可见C项符合题意。

49．B [精析] 第五段第一句话unionization 本身表示的是“联合”，只有 B项的意思最贴切。故选B。 50．B [精析] 这篇文章第一段第二句话就指出“It is a vital step toward overcoming inequality in American society.”通篇都在讲不同人种之间工资的差异，所以本文的主题应选B项，即工人工资之间的不平等性。

Text 3

51．B [精析] 由文章第四段“The major difference between the two men was that Washington sought change...”可知，杜·波依斯的政治立场比华盛顿的更彻底、更激进，故选B。

52．D [精析] 文中有提到杜·波依斯编过杂志，是教育学先驱，硕士学历，但文中没有提到杜·波依斯是政府官员，因而选D。

53．C [精析] 文章第三段第四句话“In terms of its educational policy，the NAACP position was that all American children and youth should have genuine equality of educational opportunity.”因为他帮助全国有色人种协进会制订了教育政策，所以一定是赞同的观点。因此可以看出他认为每个人都有受教育的权利。故选C。 54．A [精析] 由文章最后一段：“... Washington sought change that was evolutionary in nature and did not upset the social order...”可知，华盛顿不赞同推翻社会秩序，overthrow 的意思同upset，意为“推翻”，故A项正确。

55．B [精析] 文章最后—段说根据杜·波依斯的“有才华的10%”的概念，10%的黑人会接受传统的大学教育，从而为成为未来的领导人员作准备，并没有表明这些人已经准备好，故A不正确；C项“华盛顿和杜·波依斯从来都不是朋友”，文中没有提到，故也不正确；D项“仅仅只有10%的人值得受教育”与杜·波依斯提出的人人享有平等的教育的机会的观点相悖。故B为正确答案。 Text 4 56．C [精析] 从文章第一段第一句话“Our analysis therefore suggests that the real problem facing the black community lies in educational obstacles prior to the Ph.D. programs rather than in the pour-in of foreign students.”可以看出，作者在写这篇文章之前做了一项关于黑人教育问题的分析，所以选C项。

57．C [精析] 文章第二段最后一句话“We suggest extending the idea from financial to human capital.”可以看出，作者认为外国博士生也是一种资本。故选C项。

58．A [精析] 文章第三段提到在美国毕业的外国博士生必须得到雇主的保证才能继续留在美国，只有A项符合这个意思。

59．A [精析] 文章第四段最后一句话“it unfairly penalizes smaller firms that cannot afford this expensive process...”可以看出小公司不能承担引进人才的昂贵程序费用，所以选A项。

60．D [精析] 由文章第五段和第六段可知，1990年的美国移民归化局法案只是缩短了申请的时间，而作者却提议主动授予那些在美国大学里获得科学和工程学博士学位的人绿卡，故D项最符合答案。 Part B

61．悉尼正在准备通过举办这样的国际盛会而收获同洛杉矶一样的经济利益，1984年的洛杉矶奥运会使洛杉矶成为了举办奥运会以来获利最多的一个城市。

62．但是，如果悉尼失去了主办机会，新南威尔士州和澳大利亚的纳税人会赞同政府花上百万美元在一次失败而昂贵的练习上吗?

63．联邦政府批准的500万美元，实际上意味着悉尼申奥得到每位澳大利亚纳税人的经济支持。

64．其他人认为70%的设备已经到位了，而且他们都处于政府所有的土地上，这就消除了困扰以前的申奥人的潜在地区冲突。

65．除了其他更明显的原因像修建体育场，旅游业等，我认为真正的意义在于心理的变化——获得信心。 Section Ⅳ Writing 66．[高分范文]

\"The man who reads well is the man who thinks well, who has a background for opinion and a stand for judgment.\" From this statement we can see that reading is essential for thinking.

We are encouraged to think independently from early ages. Nowadays the creative talents are needed badly. Creativity is advocated as the key factor for development. It seems that thinking is more important. But what is the source of thinking? Only by knowing more can we think more deeply. Reading provides us a basis for thinking and a stand for judgment. The more a man reads, the better a man thinks.

Confucius sets a good example for us. By reading extensively, he set up the Confucian school. Confucianism

has been the most influencing ideology in China. MI the thoughts and opinions of Confucius must have sources--reading.

To sum up, both thinking and reading are important, but reading is more important for it is the basis of thinking. No one can succeed without quick mind. But no one can have a quick mind without reading more.

[写作点金] 写这类文章关键在于理解所给句子的意思。一般来说，写作步骤可以分为三部分：首先表明自己的观点，支持还是反对所给题目，文字要简洁，让读者明白你的观点即可。然后通过举例支持你的观点，举例同时可以联系实际，这样更有说服力。最后写一些总结性的话语。 [高频词句]

1．The man who reads well is the man who thinks well. 一个人读书好才能思考好。 2．From this statement we can see... 从这句话我们可以认识到… 3．set a good example for... 为…树立好榜样 4．to sum up 总的来讲

2007年9月笔试真卷听力录音材料

Part A Directions:

For Questions 1 -5, you will hear a report on a survey recently done in Britain. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.

Recently, a survey of the nation's reading habits was conducted in Britain. The survey asked members of different professions how much time they devoted to reading for pleasure every week. The researchers also asked what types of books they enjoyed. Accountants spend an average of five hours and fifteen minutes of their leisure time reading every week. They read all types of fiction, mainly in bed or while commuting to work. Secretaries spend an average of almost five hours reading every week with Jane Austin on top of their list. Politicians who read for just under five hours a week favor biographies and history books. Most of their reading is done in bed. Taxi drivers manage an average of four hours and forty six minutes a week much of it while waiting in their cabs. They read more self-help books than other workers. Lawyers read the highest percentage of crime fiction in their weekly average of four hours and thirty three minutes. They have no interest in poetry, gardening, self-help books, or romance. Teachers read for an average of four hours and twenty seven minutes a week mainly in bed or on holiday. Teachers' strong preference is for contemporary fiction over the classics, but their favorite author is Jane Austin. A total of one thousand six hundred people were surveyed. The average time spent reading for pleasure was five hours and nine minutes a week.

You now have 30 seconds to check your answers 1 to 5. Part B Directions:

For Questions 6 -10, you will hear an interview with Rosemary, a self-employed dog trainer in Hong Kong. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. M: What qualifications do you need?

R: I have a degree and worked for the SPCA for almost seven years. SPCA is a worldwide association that provides specialized care to pets. I graduated as a certified dog trainer and behavior councilor from the dog academy of San Francisco SPCA.

M: What sort of person does the job suit?

R: Of course, the person should not be afraid of dogs. But most importantly, he should be understanding. M: What is the best way into the industry?

R: Try volunteering as a dog walker and a class assistant with dog academy certified trainers at Hong Kong SPCA.

And you will learn a lot.

M: What work hours do you keep? R: Evenings and weekends. M: Is there a clear career path?

R: There is a clear path overseas, because there are training opportunities unlike in Hong Kong. It is a very specialized skill. Otherwise, if you like animals in general, there are many related careers like animal boarding, dog walking, pet-sitting, etc.

M: What's the best part of your job?

R: Being able to help people build relationships with their dogs, and training dogs using more gentle methods, preventing and resolving behavioral problems. M: What's the worst?

R: Dealing with dogs that have been beaten so much that they lose all their trust in people. M: Who is your role model?

R: I have two: renowned animal behaviorist, Doctor Ian Dunbar, and Jane Dennison, the director of the Academy at San Francisco SPCA. M: Salary?

R: Mine is between twenty thousand and forty thousand HK dollars a month. But a paid job starts at about seven thousand HK dollars without a degree and about ten thousand HK dollars with a degree. M: Last word.

R: Working with animals is an interesting and rewarding field to be in, but the pay may not be as good as one hopes. Part C Directions:

You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece once only. Questions 11 -13 are based on the following talk about prodigies, kids with unusual natureal abilities. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11 -13.

For centuries, people have been amazed by children of unusual talent. Pianist and composer Felix Mendelssohn has composed a fair amount of music by the time he was eleven. His forth opera was produced in Berlin, when he was only eighteen. John Stewart Mill, the nineteenth century British philosopher, read Greek at three and had worked his way through elementary geometry and a large body of literature and history by the time he was twelve. Even though there has been a fascination with prodigies for centuries, there has been little serious study of them until recently. Some surprising common characteristics have been identified. The vast majority are boys. They are usually first born children of middle-class families. Often their parents are past the usual childbearing age. Many are born by operation rather than by natural child birth.

They often have parents who seem to be trying to realize their own ambitions through their amazing children. And prodigies usually have a strange sense of humor. Although a child may be born with outstanding genetic potential, this potential will not necessarily develop. \"Just having the gene is not enough.\" says Harvard University psychologist Howard Gardener. \"Something in the environment must nourish the potential.\" And although many prodigies enjoy the satisfaction of the extraordinary achievement, public praise, and material wealth, even the most successful sometimes question the value of their lives and the accomplishment. \"I have a longing which grows stronger as I get older.\" confesses the famous American concert pianist Eugene Eastman, \"to be ordinary.\" Questions 14-16 are based on the interview with British singer and song writer Beth Orton. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14 -16.

M: You experimented with a lot of musical styles. What's next?

W: It's hard to say where I'm going next, because my next record isn't finished.

M: You used to go to acting classes before you got into music. Did you ever consider becoming an actress?

W: That's what I wanted to do initially. I left school and joined a traveling theater company. We didn't have money for hotels. So we used to camp in parks. It was brilliant. Then I met William. He liked my voice and decided I should be a singer. It was queer because singing was something I never had in mind. M: Is it true that the best time of a woman's life is in her thirties?

W: Well. Someone's been telling me that it really starts at forty. She is a wonderful woman. And she says the 30s are just as hard as the 20s, hut in a different way. They are just confusing. But when you get to forty, it' s just extraordinary. Apparently, the whole world opens up.

M: What would you like to achieve before you're... say.., sixty?

W: I'd love to learn how to play the violin but not before I'm sixty. I'd like to do it in the next year or so. One of the first instruments I learned was the drums. And I am quite good at that coordination in a strange way.

Questions 17 -20 are based on the following discussion with Dr. Jane Richard about premarital contracting. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17 -20.

M: The prevailing attitude about premarital contracting is that it spoils the whole concept of marriage, love, and trust. How do you counter that?

F: First of all, most of us hear about premarital contracting when someone rich and famous gets divorced and about all the battles they are going through. I know when my husband and I decided that we wanted to have a premarital contract, my son said \"Why you guys doing that? Don't you trust each other?\" So it's not surprising that people's initial reaction is a negative one. But in fact, premarital contracting is a way that we can learn more about each other, make each other feel more comfortable about issues that are of concerns, and certainly clarify money concerns. This way, we can talk about them, decide together how we want our marriage to work, and if necessary, and only if necessary, we put it in a premarital contract, a legal document.

M: Each year, there is one divorce for every two marriages. And a substantial portion of those who have divorced remarry. Is the notion of the premarital contract simply for those who are entering second marriages, or is it also something for the people getting married for the first time?

W: Premarital contracting is a communication process. I think all of us, whatever age we are, whatever financial status we have, we have things to talk about. And if we avoid doing that and wait until there are problems, it's almost too late. I think that no matter what age, whether we've been married once or not, whether we have stepchildren, whether we have assets, it's important to communicate and consider a legal document.