Part I Writing (30minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of living in a big city. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.
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Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A) Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019.
B) Design a new generation of mobile phones. C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon. D) Gather data from the moon with a tiny device. 2. A) It is stable. B) It is durable.
C) It is inexpensive. D) It is sophisticated. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) It lasted more than six hours.
B) No injuries were yet reported.
C) Nobody was in the building when it broke out.
D) It had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrived. 4. A) Recruit and train more firefighters.
B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall.
C) Turn the shopping mall into an amusement park. D) Find money to renovate the local neighborhood.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5. A) Shrinking potato farming. B) Heavy reliance on import.
C) Widespread plant disease. D) Insufficient potato supply. 6. A) It intends to keep its traditional diet.
B) It wants to expand its own farming. C) It is afraid of the spread of disease. D) It is worried about unfair competition. 7. A) Global warming. B) Ever-rising prices.
C) Government regulation. D) Diminishing investment.
Section B
Directions：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1
with a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 8. A) Informative. B) Inspiring.
C) Dull. D) Shallow. 9. A) She types on a keyboard. B) She does recording.
C) She takes photos. D) She takes notes. 10. A) It keeps her mind active. B) It makes her stay awake.
C) It enables her to think hard. D) It helps her kill time. 11. A) It enables her to improve her pronunciation.
B) It helps her better remember what she learns. C) It turns out to be an enjoyable way of learning. D) It proves to be far more effective than writing.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 12. A) To spend her honeymoon.
B) To try authentic Indian food. C) To take photos of the Taj Mahal. D) To trace the origin of a love story. 13. A) In memory of a princess.
B) In honor of a great emperor.
C) To mark the death of an emperor of the 1600s. D) To celebrate the birth of a princess’s 14th child. 14. A) It looks older than expected.
B) It is built of wood and bricks. C) It stores lots of priceless antiques. D) It has walls decorated with jewels. 15. A) Their streets are narrow.
B) They are mostly crowded.
C) Each one has a unique character. D) Life can be tedious in some places.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16. A) They help spread the latest technology.
B) They greatly enrich people’s leisure life.
C) They provide residents with the resources needed. D) They allow free access to digital books and videos. 17. A) By helping them find jobs.
B) By inspiring their creativity. C) By keeping them off the streets. D) By providing a place of relaxation.
18. A) Their interaction with teenagers proved fruitful.
B) They used libraries less often than teenagers. C) They tended to visit libraries regularly.
D) Their number increased modestly.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. 19. A) It is the cleverest cat in the world.
B) It is the largest cat in Africa. C) It is an unusual cross breed. D) It is a large-sized wild cat. 20. A) They are as loyal as dogs.
B) They have unusually long tails.
C) They are fond of sleeping in cabinets. D) They know how to please their owners. 21. A) They shake their front paws.
B) They teach them to dive. C) They shower with them. D) They shout at them.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 22. A) Anxious and depressed.
B) Contented and relieved. C) Excited but somewhat sad. D) Proud but a bit nervous.
23. A) It is becoming parents’ biggest concern.
B) It is gaining increasing public attention. C) It is depends on their parents for success. D) It starts the moment they are born.
24. A) Set a good example for them to follow.
B) Read books and magazines to them. C) Help them to learn by themselves. D) Choose the right school for them. 25. A) Their intelligence.
B) Their home life.
C) The effort they put in learning. D) The quality of their school.
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes )
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 26 occurring in the developing world. The figures include a number of costs 27 with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year. The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes 28 like home heating and cooking, has remained 29 over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.
Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30 it as an “urgent call to action.”“One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little 31 ,”he said.
The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost-labor income 32 nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low-and middle-income countries live in places where they 33 experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.
But the problem is not limited 34 to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related illnesses. In many European countries, where diesel(柴油) 35 have become more common in recent years, that number reaches tens of thousands.
A) ability K) regularly B) associated L) relates C) consciously M) sources D) constant N) undermine E) control O) vehicles F) damage G) described H) equals I) exclusively J) innovated
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing Progress
[A] Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph’s market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aisle with Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy. “Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?” he asks her. “The frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper, and fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning.”
[B] Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health alliance. The center’s ‘Shop with Your Doc’ program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers who happen to be around with questions.
[C] Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni (通心粉)-and-cheese boxes in Scott’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese. “So I’d have to make it?”she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take, just to have her kids reject it. “I’m not sure they’d eat it. They just won’t eat it.”
[D] Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we should try to reverse that.” Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes.
[E] Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but it’s making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather than relying solely on medications (药物). By prescribing nutritional changes or launching programs such as ‘Shop with your Doc’, they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. “There’s no question people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, even preventing cancer by food choices,” Nadeau says.
[F] In the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of ST. Joseph Hoag Health, medical institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophical switch to becoming a health organization, not just a health care organization. That feeling echoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook it. “We really want to link food and medicine, and not just give away food,” says Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospital’s medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives. “We want people to understand what they’re eating, how to prepare it, the role food plays in their lives.”
[G] In Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering specialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine — that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and vegetables.
[H] “It’s a different paradigm(范式) of how to treat disease,” says Dr. Brenda Rea, who helps run the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients’ nutritional habits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard and kitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about which foods to buy, but also how to prepare them at home.
[I] Many people don’t know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heat things up. That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar content. So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually transform a patient’s life. And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that patient’s family. “What people eat can be medicine or poison,” Rea says. “As a physician, nutrition is one of the most powerful things you can change to reverse the effects of long-term disease.”
[J] Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation(炎症), for example, or make the body inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet — particularly for people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.
[K] “As what happened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift, but that can happen,” says Nguyen. “In the same way physicians used to smoke, and then stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can have a bigger voice in it.”
36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.
37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.
38. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses. 39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily. 40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.
41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it. 42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time. 43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.
44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days. 45. Americans’ high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One
Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.
California has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system. The problem is growing as the population of the state continues to expand. New research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due to new pumping practices, water deeper than this can now be extracted (抽取). The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers(地下蓄水层)below this depth and found that reserves may be triple what was previously thought.
It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas extraction, but only recently in California has it become profitable to pump water from this depth. The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns. The biggest concern of pumping out water from this deep in the gradual settling down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the weight of the earth above.
Even though pumping from these depths is expensive, it is still cheaper than desalinating(脱盐)the ocean water in the largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where feasible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs. Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage.
One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than shallower aquifers. This means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction, thus increasing the cost. Research from the exhaustive study of groundwater from over 950 drilling logs has just been published. New estimates of the water reserves now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.
46.How could California’s drought crisis be solved according to some researchers? A) By building more reserves of groundwater. B) By drawing water from the depths of the earth. C) By developing more advanced drilling devices. D) By upgrading its water distribution system.
47.What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers? A) It was deemed vital to solving the water problem.
B) It was not considered worth the expense. C) It may not provide quality freshwater.
D) It is bound to gain support from the local people.
48. What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground? A) The sinking of land surface. C) The damage to aquifers. B) The harm to the ecosystem. D) The change of the climate. 49. What does the author say about deep wells? A) They run without any need for repairs. B) They are entirely free from pollutants. C) They are the ultimate solution to droughts. D) They provide a steady supply of freshwater.
50. What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources? A) People’s health may improve with cleaner water. B) People’s water bills may be lowered considerably. C) The cost may go up due to desalination. D) They may be exhausted sooner or later. Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
The AlphaGo program’s victory is an example of how smart computers have become. But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically, meaning can they be honest and fair?
One example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads, so it is not too soon to ask whether we can program a machine to act ethically. As driverless cars improve, they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers do. Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between lives. Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road, even if that will put their passengers at risk? What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog? What if the only risk is damage to the car itself, not to the passengers?
Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are not super-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge.
About the same time as AlphaGo’s triumph, Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’ took a bad turn. The software, named Taylor, was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received. She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations, but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler, Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages. AlphaGo’s victory and Taylor’s defeat happened at about the same time. This should be a warning to us. It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals. It is something very different to use AI in the real world. The unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem.
Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which own AlphoGo. He thinks AI will be positive for humans. He said people will be the winner, whatever the outcome. Advances in AI will make human beings smarter, more able and “just better human beings.”
51.What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo’s victory? A)Computers will prevail over human beings. B)Computers have unmatched potential. C)Computers are man’s potential rivals. D)Computers can become highly intelligent.
52.What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically? A)They are capable of predicting possible risks.
B)They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision. C)They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas. D)They sacrifice everything to save human lives.
53.What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age? A)How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings. B)How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically. C)How to prevent AI machines doing harm to humans. D)How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines. 54.What do we learn about Microsoft’s “chatbot” Taylor? A)She could not distinguish good from bad. B)She could turn herself off when necessary. C)She was not made to handle novel situations. D)She was good at performing routine tasks.
55. What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence? A) It will be far superior to human beings. B) It will keep improving as time goes by. C) It will prove to be an asset to human beings. D) It will be here to stay whatever the outcome.
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人度增长。这极大地改变了许多人的阅读方式。他们
现在经常智能手机上看新闻和文章，而不买传统报刊。大量移动应用程序的开发使人们能用手机读小说和其他形式
的文学作品。因此，纸质书籍的销售受到了影响。但调查显示，尽管能手机阅读市场稳步增长，超半数成年人仍喜欢读纸质书。
附1：
四六级英语阅读理解，再难逃不过这56条解题规律
都说“英语考试，得阅读者得天下”，今天给大家总结的56条阅读理解解题规律，条条实用，收藏起来好好学吧！
1. 原句重复出现，200%错。正确的一般都是有改动的，即同义替换。
2. 文章是按顺序出题的。你要觉得不是，就是你可能做错了。
3. 选项中意思完全相反的2个选项，其中之一是对的。（要有这个意识）。
4. 就一般而言，some people，表作者不认同的观点。few people，表作者的观点。
5. 用文章里举例的句子来做为选项，直接排除。200%错。（要有能辨别这个选项是不是文章中例子的能力）。
6. 某某人说的话，或者是带引号的，一定要高度重视。尤其是在段落的后半部分，很有可能就是某个问题的同义替换。即题眼。
7. 有的时候，一句话可以设2个问题。不过这种情况很少出现了，非常少。
8. 文章基本以5段为主（也有6段、7段的），要把握每段之间的关系。一般来说，一段一个题，
只是一般来说哦。
9. 一篇文章总会有5、6+个长难句，且总会在这里设问题。所以，长难句必须要拿下！！
10. 每段的第一句很重要。尤其总分结构的段。有的时候第一句话就是题眼。在英语考试中，总分结构或者总分总的段落很多。
11. 若文章首段以why为开头的，这里若设题的话，选项里有because的，往往就是正确选项。不过这种类型的题，很少见了。
12. 有时候每段的第一句话，仅仅是一个表述。而在第2或3句以后，会出现对比或者转折。一般来说，转折后面的是作者的态度。你要注意的是，作者对什么进行了转折。那个关键词你要找出来。
13. 在应该出现答案的地方，没有答案。接着往下读。答案可能会在下一段的开头部分。因为文章都是接着说的，要有连贯性。
14. 一个长句看不懂，接着往下看，下一句可能是这个长句的解释说明。若是，这个地方可能会出题。命出题的话，答案就在这附近。而实际情况是，文章在谈论某个问题或提出某个观点时，有时会再做进一步的解释说明。这种情况下，这里往往会设问题。
15. 有些句子仅仅是解释补充，或者是起过渡作用的。这样句子的特点是，句子比较短。注意，答案一般不会在这儿出现。选项中出现，肯定是干扰项。你要知道的是，同义替换的句子，大都是长难句。一些作为过渡的句子，不可能是答案。在你读不懂的情况下，要有这个判断力。
16. 正确选项都是原文中的个别几个词的同义替换。阅读理解历年的所有真题，都是同义替换！！就看你能不能找得到。那个关键词，就看你找没找得到，不管是什么类型的题。
17. 每一个问题，在原文中，都要有一个定位。然后精读，找出那个中心句或者关键词。要抓文章的中心主旨和各段落的大意，阅读理解考的就是这个“中心句”。
18. 选项中的几个单词，是该段中不同句子里的单词拼凑的，有时看上去很舒服，注意，干扰项。还有从不同的段落里的词拼凑到一起的，直接排除。总之，选项的单词是拼凑的，有可能就是错的。
19. 一定要注意文章中句子的宾语部分，尤其是长难句中主干的宾语。上面说了，英语往往大都是长难句里设题。你要知道的是，长难句里，最可能出题的就是句子的主干部分！主干的主语、宾语是什么，一定要知道。正确选项的题眼往往就在这儿。当然，还有一些起修饰、限定作用的词，一定要看仔细。小心陷阱。
20. 若某个问题，是特别长的一个句子，一定要看清问的是什么，别打马虎眼。这是做题时需要留意的地方。
21. 注意问题的主语是谁，它和原文题眼的主语原则上是一致的。主语不一致，一般来说，都是错的。
22. 即第6条，某某人说的话，尤其特别长的句子，或者是带引号的。60%以上会出题。题眼就在这儿。这里又提了一遍，就是要引起你的重视。
24. 中国人出的题。多是总-分结构，或者总-分-总。所以每段开头结尾，都要注意。（这里指的是中间没有出现转折的段落）。整篇文章的开头结尾，也要重视。
25. 文章的结构，要么总-分或总-分-总，要么转折、对比，要么举例说明，就这么几个套路。
26. 对选项中的“重点词”（即主语、宾语、修饰语）都要看清楚。有的时候，选项中，会对原文中本来正确的事做错误的修改，来做为干扰项。你要注意的是，选项句子的主语（与原文）是否一致、宾语是否符合原文意思，或者用一些牵强的修饰词，来做一些特殊的限定。要看清楚。这是干扰项的特
点之一。
27. 某人说过的话，有时并不是题眼，但可以从侧面或某个角度来反映作者的观点，也就是作者想表达的，正确答案都是和这样的观点相一致的。要把握关键词，有感情色彩的词。做题时，要有这个意识。
28. 就某个词或者某个句子设问题，不用猜词。就一条，文章主旨！不用去研究这个词什么意思，把握主旨即可。全文主旨和段落主旨（前者更重要）。
29. 接着28条说，不管什么题型，上面说的还是其它别的题型。很绝对的说，反映主旨的肯定对，前提是你能确定它就是主旨。所以，文章读不太懂，但能把握作者想表达的意思即可。
30. 注意中心句（即题眼）和前后句子之间的关系，是接着说的，还是转折关系。这里出题的话，要把握和前后句子之间的关系。是并列关系的，可以从这些句子里找同义词；是转折关系的，就通过转折关系句子里的关键词的相反意思来判断。前提是在你读不懂的情况下。
31. 凡是举例的，都是为了说明观点的。那么，这个观点（中心句），一般来说，会在举例之前就表达了。但有时候也在举例之后。总之，作者举例想说明的这个观点，你一定要找出来。
32. 排除2个选项以后，选出和文章主旨相关的选项即可。不知道主旨就把握关键词。
33. 词汇题的正确答案，往往隐藏在原文的该处附近（就是那个同义替换词），原文这附近的句子，是并列关系或者解释说明句的，就从这些句子的关键词的相近意思去把握。是转折关系的，就从关键词的相反意思去把握。总之，你要找的就是那个关键词。和30条一起理解吧。
34. 如果原文中出现“ A is B and C”。若某一问题，选项中出现了B没C，或者只出现C没B，肯定错，直接排除。可能你会问了，同时出现B and C 咋办？目前还没出现过这种情况。注意，这里说的B
和C，是单词或者短语。这是干扰项的特点之一。实际情况是，这个句子不是题眼。
36. 注意几个词，yet表转折，hardly表否定。while 有时是比较，有时也表转折。比较的时候，注意比较的对象，要弄清楚。转折的时候，你要知道作者对什么进行了转折。
37. 如果你对“关键词”比较蒙，或者你想问：我怎么知道哪个是关键词？解释一下，关键词就是句子中主干的宾语。尤其是一些你觉得比较重要的句子。这样的句子多数是长难句。一般来说，一个句子主干的主语、宾语，和其他的修饰部分，都是很重要的！宾语是主语的宾语，所以，和主语是要对上号的，对不上不行。（也就是26条的主语是否一致）。至于修饰的部分，干扰项常常在这里做手脚，比如会有一些特殊的限定，千万要留意，别疏忽了。
38. 什么是中心句？即反应文章的主旨和每一段的中心意思的一句话。这句话是客观存在的。也就是作者的观点。中心句即题眼，选出正确答案，看的就是中心句。只有中心句才能选出正确答案。所以，中心句不知道在哪，或者读不懂，很难选出正确答案。中心句的具体位置，见下条。
39. 很关键的一条，抓住每段的中心意思，也就是中心句。每段至少一句，最多2句。一般来说，总分结构的段落，中心句一般在段首。举例段一般在举例前后。转折段，中心句在出现转折的地方，或者后一句（一般来说在该段的第三行上下浮动）。再就是某某人说的话。要注意这句话和前后句的关系，是并列还是转折。然后来把握这句话的意思，把握不了就通过前后句是并列还是转折关系的关键词来把握。
40. 每个问题，要还原到文章具体的某一段落。若此问题在某段的后半部分，且你没有太看懂，这段已经完事了。要养成一个习惯。接着看一下段的第一句话。实在做不出来的话，就选那个和下一段第一句话的意思差不多的选项。只能这样了。（貌似是13条的重复）补充下，这只是小技巧，只起补充作用，有时候用不上。
41. 每段的第三行，一般来说，也是该段的第3句话（也可能是第2、4句话）。其特点是：句子很长，由两句或者两句以上组成，是个长难句。尤其是that mean ，the notion is that 之类的，一定
要重视。要把握句子的主干。作者想说的是什么（把握作者强调的是哪个句子）。看清楚哪句话是为了修饰哪句话的。这样的句子，若出题的话，句子的主干就是正确选项。起补充修饰作用的一定要看清楚。每段最重要的三个地方：段首，段尾，和这儿。再就是带引号的。中心句一般就在这几个地方。其实也就这么几个地方。别的地方一般都是过渡句。
42. 若是转折段的话，要注意转折的那个句子，一般都是在41条的那个地方（即第三行上下浮动）。转折前后都要看，看对比的是什么。在看不懂的情况下，通过前面的，来翻译后面的（反向翻译），来找关键词。反之亦然。
43. 最后一段，主要看段首和段尾。（最后一段是转折段的情况很少）。若是叙事段的话，叙事部分以外的，重点看。叙事部分尽量看懂。非叙事部分非常重要。一般段首若出现答案的话，段尾可能会作干扰项（见最后一条），但也不是绝对的（有时段首段尾都会有答案的提示）。段尾若出现答案的话，段首可能会很普通。一定要把握哪一句话是重点，选项中有相近意思的不是片面的叙述，一般就是正确答案。要把握重点的句子提到的被说明对象（句子主干的宾语），也就是作者关注的。
44. 选项中出现ONLY 的，目前还没有对的。
45. 中心句特别长的，2小句组成，选项中这2句都出现了，怎么排除？反映主旨的是对的。就是作者关注的对象！还有一选项是对其进行具体的解释说明，或者补充，或是对主旨的一个具体现象的反应，或是对其造成的后果的叙述。这一选项一般会做错误的修改而作为干扰项（即使不做错误的修改也一样是干扰项）总之，这样的题，符合28、29条的就是对的。符合23条的，就是错的。
46. 一定要注意，谁是用来修饰谁的。起修饰作用的词或句子，来做选项，一般是错的。被修饰的那部分来做选项，一般是对的。
47. 因果关系的题，很直接、很简单的因果关系，直接排除。间接的因果，反映主旨的，可能是对的。总之，因果关系的题，把握主旨就可以了。文中提到的直接因果，如具体的事或是什么的。都是干扰项。
48. 47的补充，正确选项反应的，往往是实质的，根本的内容。选项反应的若是很具体的某一表现，一般都是干扰项。
49. 干扰项有时出现的生词（可能是你不认识的），是与文章主题无关的词，而非同义替换。（这就需要你的基本功了）
50. 新趋势，有些题要懂文章才能做出来。读不懂很难选出来。而且，长难句明显增多。有时，它会让你崩溃到单词都认识，却不知道文章说的是什么。这时候什么技巧都不好使了。所以，一定要提高基本功。起码你要知道文章大概说的是啥，也就是谁和谁的关系。任何一篇文章的主旨，基本上都可以用“谁和谁的关系”来概括。
51. 通过首段或者前两段，来把握信息点。也就是作者想说的，是谁和谁的关系？
52. 接着上面说，一篇文章谈的是什么，或者说“谁与谁的关系”，一定要弄懂。这个具体的什么“关系”弄不懂的话，“谁与谁”一定要弄明白。比如，一篇文章说的是A与B之间如何如何。若问题问你A，选项有B的，往往就是正确答案。若问你B，你就可以先把没有A的选项排除。
53. 最新趋势：最后一段，段尾很明显不是总结，而是以补充为主的句子。注意，这里可能会以干扰项的形式出现。
54. 如上所说，中心句出现的地方无非就是段首、段中、段尾，或者带引号的句子。但是，这也是干扰项常常出现的地方。所以，你的基本功，对文章理解的程度，是你必须具备的能力。任何一门考试都有技巧，但是想拿理想的分数，光靠技巧是不现实的。
55. 有的时候，你会遇到出现2到3个否定词的句子。否定再否定，或者否定否定再否定。遇到了，尤其是3重否定的，基本上这里会设题，这句话里的关键词一定要找出来。这个地方是要练的，到时
候出现了，别蒙，别犯怵。
56. however 后面的句子一定要重视。比如有一年的其中一篇的3个题，题眼都是however 后面的句子。所以，这个词一定要敏感。
附2：四六级单词速记
英语四六级单词记忆技巧
其实很多同学在记忆单词的过程中已经发现这个规律了，但是可能没有时间静下心来好好总结，没关系，在这里，我们可以重新审视一下这个规律。一般来说，英语单词的读音是非常重要的，而且也是很有规律的，也就是说，某一些特定的字母或者字母组合，往往都是发某个特定的或某一组特定的音，
举个例子：competition,emotion,addition,ambition,creation,relation等等这样的词，我们读一遍就会发现，这些名词都有着相同的词尾-tion，而且这个词尾都无一例外地发/∫n/，这就给我们一个提示，如果遇到一些名词是以/∫n/结尾的话，那么它的词尾很有可能就是-tion，这样的话，我们的记忆就从一个一个的字母上升到了一个字母组合，而产生这些字母组合的原因，就是因为相同的发音。再比如：import,export,report,support,port,resort,这一系列的单词中，字母组合-ort都出现了/ɔ:rt/这个发音，所以同样的，/ɔ:rt/这个发音组合很有可能就拼写为ort。这样的
例
子
还
有
很
多
，
比
如
：
picture,structure,architecture,culture,furniture,puncture,字母组合-ture就肯定是发音/t∫er/等等，一旦我们掌握这些规律，再结合原单词的记忆，那么这个单词的拼写就会记忆的很牢固，因为一旦遇到这样的发音，脑海中总是会浮现出特定的字母组合，帮助我们记忆单词，这样就可以把散乱不堪的字母变成一组一组的字母组
合，减少我们记忆的负担，用这个方法记忆单词，将会事半功倍。
很多单词中，我们经常会见到一些常见的词根词缀，有时候虽然单词数量多，但是大多数都是由一个我们知道的单词加上特定的词根词缀来合成的，比如like，dislike;agree，disagree;这样的情况，我们不难看出，它是由原词加上一个否定前缀-dis来合成的，这样的单词算不上是生词，而只是衍生词，所以如果我们一旦识别了这样的词缀，那么生词的数量对于我们来说将会大大下降，那我们的几亿人武部也就轻松了许多吗?
比起记忆浩如烟海的单词来说，记忆几个词根词缀就算不了什么了。我们中学里常见的词根词缀主要有以下一些：-dis，表示与原词反义;non-表示对原词的否定;un-也表示原词的反义;re-表示原词的动作或者意义的重复，比如locate-relocate(搬家)，move-remove(删除)，write-rewrite(重写)，cite(引述)-recite(反复引述-背诵);ex-，表示向外出去的，有时候也表示前任….，im-，表示向内进入的，比如export，就是出口的意思，进口则是import，或者表示前妻，ex-wife，前女友ex-girlfriend;-ology表示学科，比如geology,biology,sociology(社会学)，psychology(心理学)，meteorology(气象学)，anthropology(人类学)等等，这样的例子还有很多，我们在记忆单词的时候，要做一个有心人，那么这些规律便不难发现，掌握了一些基本的词根词缀，我们都能够很快猜测出一些生词的含义，更不用说简单的记忆单词了，这不仅对于记单词是有个行之有效的方法，对于阅读题和完形填空题的解答，也有益处。
同学们往往会专门腾出一块时间来记忆单词，这样做当时的效果可能会好，但是随着记忆曲线的下降，第二天，第三天，一周以后，可能你又忘记了很多词，这样一来，不仅时间花的不值，效果也大打折扣，给自信心一次沉重的打击，甚至还可能记单词产生抵触心理，这样就会产生恶性循环，这绝不是我们想看到的。当然，花整块时间去记单词的同学精神可嘉，但是我们提倡的是：单词不是靠一两遍就记下来的，而是
靠无数次重复而留下的印象，这样的印象才是比较牢靠的。
所以，如果你手边有一本单词书，那么没有必要专门花一整块的时间去一个词一个词，一个单元一个单元地去记，我们需要记单词是的时间是这样的时间：茶余饭后10分钟，课间休息5分钟，午睡前面10分钟，洗漱以后10分钟，饭后散步10分钟，总之就是一句话，这些都是零碎的时间，而零碎的时间记忆单词效果反而会更好，因为此时你的大脑处于放松的状态，事实证明，神经紧绷，大脑处于高度紧张状态下的记忆效果是不理想的，所以我提倡大家利用散碎的时间记忆单词。当然，时间散碎并不意味着记忆的内容散碎，我们还是要制定计划，比如每天记忆20个单词，这20个单词我分别利用今天的饭后散步和洗漱之后的时间搞定，睡前再重复一遍就可以，没有记住的单词没必要去拼命想，要知道重复的力量是可怕的，只要我们不断的重复，再难的单词我们也能记住。
重要的事情说三遍!还是上面那句话，一本单词书，如果你看得很仔细，只看到第10遍，那么效果一定不如虽然看的不太仔细，但是看了10遍甚至20遍的同学，原因很简单，重复出奇迹，任何事情都经不起重复，一旦重复的次数达到一定的数量级，就会产生质的飞跃。
所以，大家看单词书的时候，不要停留在一个一个的生词上，而是尽量放宽视野，把书读多翻几遍，每翻一遍就加深一次印象，没翻一遍就消灭几个“老大难”，很快，这本书快翻烂的时候，你会惊讶地发现你甚至已经可以把例句都记下来了，这就是最好的效果。提到例句，我还有一点建议，那就是认真地看例句，把这个单词的用法搞清楚，一旦会用这个单词了，那么记忆起来会容易得多，这是一个心理作用，但是对于我们记单词很有帮助。大家如果可以在平时的写作，造句中主动使用这些词，用不了多久你就会发现，这个单词越来越简单，越来越顺眼，其实没有什么奇怪的，正如卖油翁说的那句话：“无他，但手熟耳!”
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