考博英语模拟试卷10 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1. Structure and Vocabulary 2. Grammar 3. Cloze 4. Reading Comprehension 5. English-Chinese Translation 6. Chinese-English Translation 7. Writing
Structure and Vocabulary
1． He seemed reluctant to send his troops in an effort to discourage the ______ peasants.
A．animated B．rebellious C．creased D．impassive
正确答案：B
解析：句意：他似乎不太愿意用他的军队去阻止起义的农民。rebellious反叛的，反抗的； animated活泼的，生动的；creased有折痕的；impassive冷漠的。
2． The company will ______ to its agreement, no matter how costly the process may be.
A．retain B．alter C．abandon D．adhere
正确答案：D 解析：句意：该公司将信守协议，不论这一过程的代价有多大。adhere坚持，与to构成常用词组；retain保持，保留；alter改变；abandon放弃，遗弃。
3． The drug store at the comer of our street sells aspirins and ______ penicillin prescriptions.
A．dispenses B．disposes C．disperses D．dispatches
正确答案：B
解析：句意：街角上的药店出售aspirins和处方penicillin。dispose处理；dispense分配，分发；disperse(使)分散，(使)分开；dispatch分派，派遣。
4． AIDS is causing great public concern because the ______ fatal disease hits primarily young people.
A．invariably B．imperatively C．transiently D．deceptively
正确答案：A
解析：invariably不变的，总是；imperatively命令式地；transiently短暂地；deceptively迷惑地，虚伪地。
5． The houses in this area were all erected in ______ of housing regulations. A．compliance B．defiance C．alliance D．obedience
正确答案：D
解析：句意：这一地区的房子都是按照建房规定建盖的。obedience服从，顺从；in obedience of遵守，依照；compliance依从，in compliance of符合，依据；defiance挑衅，蔑视；alliance联盟，联合。
6． He had wanted a 25 % raise in pay, but after talking to his boss, he decided that a 5% raise would have to ______.
A．suffice B．satisfy C．gratify D．delight
正确答案：A
解析：句意：他本想得到25%的工资涨幅，但在同老板谈话后，他认为他不得不满足于5%的涨幅。suffice使满足，表示带有无奈情绪的满足；satisfy满足，主语为人；gratify使满足，表示超出预想的满足；delight(使)高兴，(使)欣喜。
7． The two delegates had an in-depth exchange of views on how to enhance their ______ cooperation.
A．ethical B．bilateral C．mandatory D．subsidiary
正确答案：B
解析：句意：两位代表就如何加强双边合作深入交换了意见。bilateral双边的；ethical道德的；mandatory强制的，托管的；subsidiary辅助的，补充的。
8． It is agreed that all nations should take measures against terrorism on the
basis of the UN ______ and other international laws.
A．Charter B．Constitution C．Concordance D．Custody
正确答案：A
解析：charter宪章，the UN Charter联合国宪章；constitution宪法，章程，惯例；concordance和谐；custody保官。
9． When we credit the successful people with intelligence, physical strength or good luck we are making excuses for ourselves because we fall ______ in all three.
A．rare B．lacking C．short D．scarce
正确答案：C
解析：句意：当我们把成功人士的成功归因于聪明、体力或好运的时候，我们也是在为我们自己找借口，因为我们在所有这三个方面都落后了。fall short表示“落后”；rare罕见的；lacking缺乏的，不足的；scarce缺乏的。
10． Three weeks after the suicide bombing, the police were still hunting for bombers for they believe more were ______.
A．on the verge B．on the sly C．on the spot D．on the loose
正确答案：B
解析：句意：自杀性爆炸三个星期之后，警方还在搜寻爆炸者，因为他们相信还有更多的爆炸者在暗地里行动。on the sly偷偷地，暗地里；on the verge后跟of结构表示“在……的边缘”；on the spot当场，在现场；on the loose散漫，放荡。
Grammar
11． As there was not enough money to bury all dead AIDS orphans, 23 babies were interred in a modest cemetery in South Africa before World AIDS Day.
A．parentless children B．miserable victims C．contagious bodies D．infections patient
正确答案：A 解析：orphans孤儿，A项中parentless children含义与之相同。miserable victims可怜的受害者；contagious bodies传染性的尸体；infectious patient被感染了的病人。
12． In his opinion, the objection to barbarity does not mean that capital punishment should not go on.
A．adversity B．savagery C．habitat D．integrity
正确答案：B
解析：句意：在他看来，反对暴力并不就表明应该废除死刑。barbarity残暴的行为；savagery野性；adversity不幸，灾祸；habitat栖息地；integrity正直，完整性。
13． What is at fault in our present system is not the outcome but the fallible procedure.
A．sublime B．erroneous C．plausible D．impeccable
正确答案：B
解析：fallible易错的，可能犯错的；erroneous错误的，不正确的；sublime提升；plausible似是而非的；impeccable没有缺点的，不会做坏事的。
14． It could not be ruled out that, sooner or later, the country would break out of the treaty.
A．confirmed B．tolerated C．excluded D．refuted
正确答案：C
解析：rule out排除，取消；exclude排除；tolerate忍受；confirm确信；refute驳倒，反驳。
15． Now researchers are directing more attention to the social and cultural impetus that propelled university graduates into careers in management.
A．implication B．propaganda C．impulse
D．refuted
正确答案：C 解析：句意：现在研究人员将更多的注意力投入到促使大学毕业生进入管理类职业的社会和文化推动因素。impetus推动力；implication含义，暗示；propaganda宣传；impulse推动力，刺激；benefit益处。
16． Lincoln, former president of the United States, is aconspicuous example of a poor boy who succeeded.
A．sturdy B．obstinate C．permanent D．manifest
正确答案：D
解析：conspicuous显著的；manifest显然的，明白的；sturdy坚定的，毫不含糊的；permanent永久的；obstinate倔强的，顽固的。
17． Research should continue on controlled nuclear fusion, but no energy program should be premised on its existence until it has proved practical.
A．focused B．concentrated C．agreed D．based
正确答案：D
解析：句意：我们应该继续核扩散控制的研究，但不能将能源项目建立在其存在的基础上(前提下)，除非已被证明可行。premise作为及物动词，其意思是to base a theory，argument， etc．on an idea，thought，or belief；agree达成一致意见；focus关注，集中；concentrate关注，集中； base基于。所以D是正确答案。
18． He displayed a complete lack of courtesy and tact in dealing with his employer.
A．tenacity B．curiosity C．civility D．hostility
正确答案：C
解析：句意：在同老板处理关系时，他毫无礼貌和头脑。courtesy礼貌，谦恭；civility礼貌，端庄；tenacity坚韧；curiosity好奇心；hostility敌意。
19． Pirated compact disks and floppy disks remained the second biggest vehicle
for the spread of computer viruses despite the governments’ determined efforts to quash software piracy.
A．boost B．prevent C．crush D．restrict
正确答案：D
解析：句意：尽管政府坚决力图杜绝盗版软件，盗版光盘和软盘依然是计算机病毒的第二大传播媒介。quash取消；restrict限制，约束；boost推进；prevent防止，预防；crush压碎，碾碎。
20． It is reported that the latest outbreak of the bird flu in Pennsylvania in the United States has prompted China to slap a ban on poultry imports from the sate.
A．marine products B．dairy products C．industrial products D．avian products
正确答案：D
解析：句意：据报道，最近美国宾夕法利亚洲爆发的禽流感促使中国很快下令禁止从该地区进口家禽类食品。poultry家禽类食品；avian products鸟类食品；marine products海产食品； dairy products乳制食品；industrial products工业产品。
Cloze
The effect of the baby boom on the schools helped to make possible a shift in thinking about the role of public education in the 1920’s. In the 1920’s, but especially (C1) ______ the Depression of the 1930’s, the United States experienced a (C2) birth rate. Then with the prosperity (C3) on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it, young people married and (C4) households earlier and began to (C5) larger families than had their (C6) during the Depression. Birth rates rose to 102 per thousand in 1946, 106.2 in 1950, and t18 in 1955. (C7) economics was probably the most important (C8) , it is not the only explanation for the baby boom. The increased value placed (C9) the idea of the family also helps to (C10) this rise in birth rates. The baby boomers began streaming (C11) the first grade by the mid-1940’s and became a (C12) by 1950. The public school system suddenly found itself (C13) The wartime economy meant that few new schools were built between 1940 and 1945. (C14) , large numbers of teachers left their profession during that period for better-paying jobs elsewhere. (C15) , in the 1950’s, the baby boom hit an antiquated and inadequate school system. Consequently, the custodial rhetoric of the 1930’s no longer made (C16) ; keeping youths ages sixteen and older out of the labor market by keeping them in school could no longer be a high (C17) for an institution
unable to find space and staff to teach younger children. With the baby boom, the focus of educators (C18) turned toward the lower grades and back to basic academic skills and (C19) . The system no longer had much (C20) in offering nontraditional, new, and extra services to older youths.
21． (C1) ______ A．in B．for C．at D．on
正确答案：A
解析：表示“在三十年代的萧条期中”应用介词in。
22． (C2) ______ A．accelerating B．strengthening C．declining D．fluctuating
正确答案：C
解析：此处需要根据下文判断：随着第二次世界大战带来的经济繁荣，这个时代的年轻人比起他们经历过大萧条的前辈，结婚更早，并且生育的子女也更多。出生率上升到……因此此处关于大萧条时期的婴儿出生率应该填declining。
23． (C3) ______ A．took B．produced C．brought D．carried
正确答案：C
解析：bring on带来，导致；carry on实施，实行(计划、措施)；take on呈现。
24． (C4) ______ A．adopted B．incorporated C．administered D．established
正确答案：D
解析：establish households成家。
25． (C5) ______ A．increase B．raise C．erect D．generate
正确答案：B
解析：raise large families养活一大家子。
26． (C6) ______ A．predecessors B．successors C．processors D．oppressors
正确答案：A
解析：predecessor前辈，前人；successor后辈，后人。
27． (C7) ______ A．Since B．Despite C．Although D．Unless
正确答案：C
解析：转折关系。这句话大意是：尽管经济可能是最重要的因素，但它并不是出现生育高峰的惟一原因。
28． (C8) ______ A．tenant
B．determinant C．lubricant D．repentant
正确答案：B
解析：determinant决定因素；tenant房客；lubricant润滑剂；repentant后悔的，悔悟的。
29． (C9) ______ A．at B．on C．for D．with
正确答案：B
解析：place value on．．．认为……有价值，注意place．．．on...的常用搭配。
30． (C10) ______ A．demonstrate B．interpret C．exhibit D．explain
正确答案：D
解析：联系上下文，这里应该填入表示“解释”的词；排除A和C两项；再看前面的一句话中出现了单词explanation，那么这里填其动词形式explain。interpret作“解释”讲时多指对复杂问题的较深入的解释。
31． (C11) ______ A．through B．across C．into D．towards
正确答案：C
解析：stream into涌进。
32． (C12) ______ A．flood B．bonus C．pledge
正确答案：
解析：很容易排除C和D。在A和B之间作判断时，从前面的stream into可以推知只有 flood是合适的。
33． (C13) ______ A．overtaxed B．overdosed C．overweighed D．overlapped
正确答案：A
解析：overtaxed负荷的；overdosed药量过多的；overweighed 超重的；overlapped重叠的。
34． (C14) ______ A．Moreover
B．However’ C．Otherwise D．Thus
正确答案：A
解析：表示境况的进一步恶化。
35． (C15) ______ A．Nevertheless B．Therefore C．Furthermore D．Hence fore
正确答案：B
解析：表示因果关系；
36． (C16) ______ A．sense B．meaning C．sensible D．meaningful
正确答案：A
解析：make sense词组，表示“有意义”。
37． (C17) ______ A．notoriety B．compatibility C．proximity D．priority
正确答案：D 解析：priority优先，首要；notoriety恶名，丑名；compatibility兼容性；proximity接近，亲近。
38． (C18) ______ A．refutably B．indispensably C．inevitably D．respectively
正确答案：C 解析：inevitably不可避免的；refutably可反驳的；indispensably不可缺少的；respectively分别地，各自地。
39． (C19) ______ A．conference B．symposium C．seminar D．discipline
正确答案：D
解析：discipline此处是“学科”的意思；conference会议；symposium讨论会，座谈会；seminar研讨会。
40． (C20) ______ A．ability B．advantage C．benefit D．interest
正确答案：D
解析：have interest in．一对……有兴趣，固定搭配；ability能力；advantage优势；benefit益处。
Reading Comprehension
When I was a kid, I never knew what my parents—or anyone else’s—did for a living. As far as I could tell, all grownups had mysterious jobs that involved drinking lots of coffee and arguing about Richard Nixon. If they had job-related stress, they kept it private. Now American families are expected to be more intimate. While this has resulted in a lot more hugs, “I love you’s,” and attendance at kids’ football games, unfortunately we parents also insist on sharing the frustrations of our work byes. While we have complained about our jobs or fallen asleep in car-pool lines, our children have been noticing. They are worried about us. A new survey, “Ask the children,” conducted by the Families and Work Institute of New York City, queried more than 1,000 kids between the ages of 8 and 18 about their parents’ work lives. “If you were granted one wish to change the way your parents’ work affected your life,” the survey asked kids, “what would that wish be?” Most parents assumed that children would want more time with them, but only 10% did. Instead, the most common wish (among 34% ) was that parents would be less stressed and tired by work. Allison Levin is the mother of three young children and a professional in the growing field of “work/ life quality”. Levin counsels employees who are overwhelmed by their work and family obligations to carefully review their commitments-not only at the office but at home and in the community too—and start paring them down. “It’s not about getting up earlier in the morning se you can get more done,” she says. “It’s about saying no and making choices.” We can start by leaving work, and thoughts of work, behind as soon as we start the trip home. Do something to get yourself in a
good mood, like listening to music, rather than returning calls on the cell phone. When you get home, change out of your work clothes, let the answering machine take your calls, and stay away from e-mail. When your kids ask about your day, tell them about something good that happened. (In the survey, 69% of moms said they liked their work, but only 42% of kids thought their mothers really did. ) Parents can also de-stress by cutting back on their children’s activities. If keeping up with your kid’s schedule is killing you, insist that he choose between karate lessons and the theater troupe. Parents should also sneak away from work and family occasionally to have some fun. I keep a basketball in the trunk of my can. I might never be able to fix everything at work or at home, but at least I can work on my jump shot.
41． Which of the following sentences can be the best title of this passage? A．Kids Say: Chill B．Kids Stress Parents
C．Parents Complain about work D．Parents Get in Good Mood
正确答案：A
解析：容易排除另外三项。
42． The author mentions her own childhood experience to show that ______. A．she never understood why her parents had odd jobs and argued about the president
B．she didn’t know what her parents did to earn money to support the family when she was young
C．she did understand why the American became more and more close and hugged a lot
D．she could see that the American parents keep the stress and tiredness from work to themselves
正确答案：D
解析：本题考察作者提及她的童年经历的目的。本段最后一句是重点：unfortunately we parents also insist on sharing the frustrations of our work lives．不幸的是，现在的父母同时也在与子女“分享”工作上的挫折。
43． We can infer from the second paragraph that nowadays the children ______. A．are very anxious about their parents for their hard work B．are looking forward to being with their parents C．are very considerate about their parents
D．are very ambitions to change their parents’ work
正确答案：C
解析：注意本段最后一句里面的the most common wish。
44． The phrase “paring them down” in the third paragraph most likely means ______.
A．gathering the work and family duties together B．matching the work quality to life quality C．decreasing the defeating commitments
D．denying to fulfill their work and family obligations
正确答案：C
解析：根据后面的一句话来帮助选择：“It’s not about getting up earlier in the morning so you can get more done，”she says.“It’s about saying no and making choices．”Levin说，“这并不是要你早点起床来多干些事情，而是要你学会说‘不’，学会做选择。”由此推知“paring them down”的意思是减少不重要的事务。
45． Which of the following is not the way to de-stress the parents’ heavy burden?
A．Forgetting about the job as soon as leaving the office. B．Reducing participating the activities for the office. C．Sharing with the children some happy experience. D．Taking part more actively in community activities.
正确答案：D
解析：该项与短文中的描述正好相反。
There are a number of formats for reporting research, such as articles to appear in journals, reports addressed to funding agencies, theses or dissertations as part of the requirements for university degrees, and papers to be presented at conferences. These formats differ from one another mostly in their purposes and the audiences whom they address. We will now briefly describe them. The journal article is a way of reporting research for professional journals or edited collections. The research is reporting in a brief, yet informative way, focusing mostly on the main features of the research such as the purpose, review of the literature (often referred to as “background”), procedures used for carrying out the research accompanied by tables, charts, and graphs, and interpretations of the results (often referred to as discussion). The content and emphasis of the journal article will vary according to the intended readers (research or practitioners) and it is important for the researcher to be aware of the background and interest of the readers of the journal. Articles intended to be read by practitioners will emphasize the practical implications and recommendations of the research, while articles intended to be read by researchers will describe in detail the method used to collect data, the construction of data collection procedures, and the techniques used for analyzing the data. It is important for the novice researcher to be aware of the fact that articles submitted to journals go through a process of evaluation by experts who make a judgment and recommend whether they should be published or not. The thesis or dissertation is a format for
reporting research which graduate students write as part of fulfilling the requirements for an advanced academic degree. The student is expected to describe in great detail all the phases of the research so it can be examined and evaluated carefully by the reader. Thus the thesis or dissertation includes the purpose and significance of the study, the rationale, a thorough review of the literature, detailed information as to the research tools and the procedures involved in their development, a description of data analysis and the results, and an interpretation of the results in the form of conclusions, implications, and recommendation. This detailed description of the process of the research is needed to provide the professors with an indication of the student’s ability to carry out research. The conference paper is a way of reporting research at conferences, seminars and colloquia. At such meetings research papers are usually presented orally. They are similar to the research article since research is reported in a concise, yet informative way, focusing on the most essential elements of the research. Handouts and transparencies can also accompany the presentations. As with the research article, here too, the content and emphasis of the oral report will depend to a large extent on the type of audience present at the meeting, and whether they are researchers or practitioners.
46． The best title for this passage could be ______. A．Types of Research Reports B．Types of Journal Articles C．Writing of research Reports D．Writing of Different Articles
正确答案：A
解析：本文第一段就指出了用来报道研究成果有不同的形式，主要有：杂志上发表的研究报告；毕业生的学术论文；会议上做的报告。下文针对这三种报告分别介绍了他们的格式、内容。所以正确答案是A。本文并不是讲如何写研究报告，所以C不对。
47． The common aspect for the journal articles, theses and conference papers lies in that ______.
A．they are all for the practitioners B．they are all to be read by researchers C．they are all for being published
D．they are all forms of reporting research
正确答案：D
解析：本文一开头就指出了There are a number of formats for reporting research，such as…可见正确答案是D。
48． We can distinguish those research reports from each other mainly through ______.
A．their writing style and length B．their aims and possible audiences C．their presented places and time D．their content and purposes
正确答案：B 解析：原文是These formats differ from one another mostly in their purposes and the audiences which they address．本题题干中换用了另一种表达方式。
49． Which of the following statements is not mentioned in this passage?
A．Both journal articles and conference papers are reported in a brief and informative way.
B．All the theses or dissertations and conference papers are reported in spoken languages.
C．Both the journal articles and conference papers are influenced greatly by the intended receivers.
D．The various formats of research reports may be presented in different ways.
正确答案：B
解析：A项在文中出现的依据：The research is reporting in a brief，yet informative way以及 They (the conference papers) are similar to the research article since research is reported in a concise，yet informative way；C项在文中也有涉及：Articles intended to．．．analyzing the data．以及As with the．．．or practitioners．在判断D项时，由The thesis or dissertation is a format for reporting research which graduate students write．可以看出thesis 和 dissertation是书面形式的，而根据At such meetings research papers are usually presented orally. 可知 research papers采取的是口头报告的形式，据此判断 D项也是在短文中提到过的。
50． How can a professor evaluate a student’s capability of implementing the research?
A．By concentrating on the main factors like the purpose, background, procedures and discussion.
B．By emphasizing the practical implications and recommendations of the research.
C．By focusing on the detailed description of the process of the research such as the tools, procedures, the process of data analysis, the results, and conclusions etc.
D．By noticing the detailed method used to collect the data, the construction of the data collection procedures, the techniques for analyzing the date and results etc.
正确答案：C
解析：由第四段的This detailed description of the process of the research is needed to provide the professors with an indication of the student’s ability to carry out research．可知正确答案是C。
What do consumers really want? That’s a question market researchers would love to answer. But since people don’t always say what they think, marketers would need direct access to consumers’ thoughts to get the truth. Now, in a way, that is possible. At the “Mind of the Market” laboratory at Harvard Business School, researchers are looking inside shoppers’ skulls to develop more effective advertisements and marketing pitches. Using imaging techniques that measure blood flow to various parts of the brain, the Harvard team hopes to predict how consumers will react to particular products and to discover the most effective ways to present information. Stephen Kosslyn, a professor of psychology at Harvard, and business school professor Gerald Zaltman, oversee the lab. “The goal is not to manipulate peoples’ preferences,” says Kosslyn, “just to speak to their actual desires. “The group’s findings, though still preliminary, could radically change how firms develop and market new products. The Harvard group use position emission topography (PET) scans to monitor the brain activity. These PET scans, along with other non-invasive imaging techniques; enable researchers to see which parts of the brain are active during specific tasks (such as remembering a word). Correlations have been found between blood flow to specific areas and future behavior. Because of this, Harvard researchers believe the scans can also predict future purchasing patterns. According to an unpublished paper the group produced, “It is possible to use these techniques to predict not only whether people will remember and have specific emotional reactions to certain materials, but also whether they will be inclined to want those materials months later.” The Harvard group is now moving into the next stage of experiments. They will explore how people remember advertisements as part of an effort to predict how they will react to a product after having seen an ad. The researchers believe that once key areas of the brain are identified, scans on about two dozen volunteers will be enough to draw conclusions about the reactions of specific segments of the population. Large corporations-including Coca Cola, Eastman Kodak, General Motors, and Hallmark-have already signed up to fund further investigations. For their financial support, these firms gain access to the experiments but cannot control them. If Kosslyn and Zaltman and their team really can read the mind of the market, then consumers may find it even harder to get those advertising jingles out of their heads.
51． Which of the following statements can be the best title for this passage? A．Reading the Mind of the Market
B．Controlling the Consumers’ Preferences C．Improving the Styles of Advertising D．Finding Out the Way to Predict
正确答案：A
解析：文章第二段说到the“Mind of the Market”laboratory，最后一段提到If Kosslyn and Zaltman and their team really can reed the mind of the market，可见本文是围绕reading the mind of the market来写的。所以正确答案是A。
52． Why do the Harvard researchers use scientific technology in the experiments?
A．Because they don’t believe the surveys done by the marketers can lead to the truth.
B．Because they are asked by the marketers to find a direct way to read the consumers’ thoughts.
C．Because they want to find out how the ads influence people’s brain activity and emotional responses etc.
D．Because they expect that their experiments can basically alter the marketing strategies of products.
正确答案：C 解析：容易排除A和B两项；而D项与原文描述“The goal is not to manipulate peoples’ preferences，”says Kosslyn，“just to speak to their actual desires．”不符。
53． Which of the following is not true according to the passage? A．Sometimes people will conceal what they think when being questioned by the market researchers.
B．Stephen Kosslyn and Gerald Zaltman overlook the experiments and criticize the purpose of the study.
C．Harvard researchers have found the corresponding relations between people’s brain and behavior.
D．There are many large organizations endorsing and financing the Harvard group’s further investigation.
正确答案：B 解析：原文Stephen Kosslyn，a professor of psychology at Harvard，and business school professor Gerald Zaltman，oversee the lab．中的oversee是“监视、检查”的意思，而B项overlook意为“忽视、忽略”，含义相反。
54． What does “to speak to” in the last sentence of the second paragraph mean? A．to talk to B．to say to
C．to communicate to D．to respond to
正确答案：D
解析：to speak to在这里表示“对(人们)的实际需求做出反应”。
55． The last sentence of this passage implies that ______. A．If the experiments’ results can be applied to the practice, the customers will be very likely to buy things according to the ads.
B．If the Harvard group can succeed in finishing the research, they will use it in
attracting more and more and more and more consumers into the market.
C．The financial supporting corporations such as Coca Cola, General Motors can employ the experiments in their own marketing.
D．The consumers may discover that those ads will always annoy them by jingling out of their heads and cause them headaches.
正确答案：A
解析：最后一句话的大意是：如果此项研究成功的话，那么消费者将更难抵御广告的影响。
Real policemen, both Britain and the United States hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV—if they ever get home in time. There are similarities, of course, but the cops don’t think much of them. The first difference is that a policeman’s real life revolves round the law. Most of his training is in criminal law. He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down an alley after someone he has to talk to. Little of his time is spent in chatting to scantily clad ladies or in dramatic confrontations with desperate criminal. He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilty—or not—of stupid, petty crimes. Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal; as soon as he’s arrested, the story is over. In real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks--where failure to produce results reflects on the standing of the police—little effort is spent on searching. The police have an elaborate machinery which eventually shows up most wanted men. Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of different evidence. Much of this has to be given by people who don’t want to get involved in a court case. So as well as being overworked, a detective has to be out at all hours of the day and night interviewing his witnesses and persuading them, usually against their own best interests, to help him. A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant moral twilight in which the real one lives. Detectives are subject to two opposing pressures：first as members of a police force they always have to behave with absolute legality, secondly, as expensive public servants they have to get results. They can hardly ever do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the roles in small ways. If the detective has to deceive the world, the world often deceives him. Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth. And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple mindedness—as he sees it—of citizens, social workers, doctors, law makers, and judges, who, instead of stamping out crime punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform. The result, detectives feel, is that nine tenths of their work is reaching people who should have stayed behind bars. This makes them rather cynical.
56． It is essential for a policeman to be trained in criminal law ______. A．so that he can catch criminals in the streets
B．because many of the criminals he has to catch are dangerous C．so that he can justify his arrests in court
D．because he has to know nearly as much about law as a professional lawyer
正确答案：C
解析：见原文：He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court．
57． The everyday life of a policeman or detective is ______. A．exciting and glamorous B．full of danger
C．devoted mostly to routine matters D．wasted on unimportant matters
正确答案：D 解析：第三段的最后一句说到：警察将他的大量的工作时间用来写无数的报告，而这些报告只是关于数以百计的无关紧要的人是否犯了些愚蠢的微不足道的小罪。由此处的带感情色彩的词可看出作者带有一种潜台词，即警察的时间都被浪费在了不重要的事情上。所以D最适合。
58． When murders and terrorist attacks occur the police ______. A．prefer to wait for the criminal to give himself away B．spend a lot of effort on trying to track down their man
C．try to make a quick arrest in order to keep up their reputation D．usually fail to produce results
正确答案：B
解析：参见第四段原文：Except in very．．．spent on searching．可见murders和terrorist attacks与其他事务有所不同，需要付出很大努力来追踪嫌疑人的下落。
59． The real detective lives in “an unpleasant moral twilight” because ______. A．he is an expensive public servant
B．he must always behave with absolute legality
C．he is obliged to break the law in order to preserve it D．he feels himself to be cut off from the rest of the world
正确答案：C
解析：该段最后两句话是全段重点can hardly ever do both．Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways．他们很难同时兼顾这两条。很多时候他们不得不犯些小错来达到目标。
60． Detectives are rather cynical because ______. A．nine tenths of their work involves arresting people B．hardly anyone tells them the truth
C．society does not punish criminals severely enough D．too many criminals escape from jail
正确答案：C 解析：这里大意是说，由于人们希望不要那么严厉地处罚罪犯而应该帮助他们改过自新，因此警察十分之九的工作是不得不重新追捕那些本来应该呆在监狱里的人。这使得他们相当愤世嫉俗。
English-Chinese Translation 61． The Basis for Social Order Man, said Aristotle, is a social animal. This sociability requires peaceful congregation, and the history of mankind is mainly a movement through time of human collectivities that range from migrant tribal bands to large and complex civilizations. Survival has been due to the ability to create the means by which men in groups retain their unity and allegiance to one another. Order was caused by the need and desire to survive the challenge of the environment. This orderly condition called the “state”, and the roles that maintained it, file “law”. With time the partner to this tranquility, man marched across the centuries of his evolution to the brink of exploring the boundaries of his own galaxy. Of all living organisms, only man has the capacity to interpret his own evolution as progress. As social life changed, the worth and rights of each member in the larger group, of which he was a part, increased. As the groups grew from clans to civilizations, the value of the individual did not diminish, but became instead a guide to the rules that govern all men.
正确答案： 社会秩序的基础 亚里斯多德说，人是社会性的动物。这种社会性要求人们和平共处，人类历史主要就是人类群体在时间长河中从游牧部落到复杂的文明社会的集合运动的演进过程，(这些群体中的)幸存者能幸存下来的原因就在于：他们有能力创造一种手段，从而能使他们所在群体中的人保持团结并相互效忠。 出于必须和渴望战胜环境的挑战，人类建立了秩序。这样一种有秩序的状态就称作“国家”，而维持国家存在的规则就叫做”法律”。伴随着这些由法律和秩序建立起来的安宁、平静
Chinese-English Translation
62． 各学科的发展日新月异，令人称奇，但衡量知识、能力的方法却依然如故，非常原始。迄今为止，教育工作还没有找到比考试更有效、更可靠的方法，着实有点离奇。尽管有不少人认定，考试能衡量出一个人的知识水平，但实际情况恰恰相反，这是有目共睹的。要想考察一个人死记硬背的本事和在极大压力下快速答题的技巧，考试或许是个不错的办法。然而，要想了解一个人的禀赋资质
和实际能力如何，考试是考不出名堂来的。
正确答案：Contrast to the rapid and astonishing development in various subjects, the way of measuring knowledge and ability remains as before, rather primitive. So far, there has been no way which is more effective and reliable than exams in education, which seems
Writing
63． Directions: Write an essay in no less than 200 words with the title “Opportunities and challenges with the coming of Globalization”.
正确答案： Opportunities and challenges with the coming of Globalization With the coming of globalization, we will have great opportunities. First of all, we will have more access to the advanced science and technologies of other countries in the world. As is known to all that in this age of information economy, it is of great importance to get informed with the latest development in every fields concerning the growing of the power of a country. Secondly, with the opening up of more and more countries to the whole world, we are to get more contacted with all kinds of culture and civilizations, which would to some extent strengthen our country’s soft power. If we call the economic, scientific and military power hard power, then how we can influence or change others ideas without coercing them but made them accept us willingly is kind of soft power. Mutual understanding will contribute to the increasing of soft power. And globalization provides a good platform for all the participants. Moreover, with the process of globalization we individuals as well have more chances to enrich and perform our serves. However, every coin has two sides. Globalization undoubtedly brings about challenges along with opportunities. Firstly, we will face fierce competition. Since our country is indeed lagging behind in many fields, to be situated in the same arena with some superior players will give us much pressure. The same is with us as individuals. Then, we may be influenced by other culture in a negative way. While enjoying the richness of other civilizations, it is quite possible that we neglect or even lose some of quintessence of our own culture. For instance, as we get more and more fantastic about the western pop music, we lose interest in the traditional Chinese opera. Therefore, we should view the globalization as a double-edged sword, which presents us opportunities as well as challenges. The most important thing is that we should have a right stand facing it. Moreover, we have to make ourselves well prepared in every aspect to meet the opportunities and challenges.
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