现在完成时语法复习课

定义：

现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。学习现在完成时,先从结构和句式开始:

现在完成时的结构主语+ have/ has + 过去分词（pp）注：主语若是第三人称单数助动词用has否定形式haven’t ( have not ）+过去分词hasn’t ( has not ) +过去分词疑问句把助动词have / has 放在句首过去分词1、规则变化（过去分词与过去时变化规则一样）(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”。work---worked---worked visit---visited---visited (2)、以“e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d ”。live---lived (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将“y”变为“i”,再加“ed ”.study--studied--studied cry--cried-cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed ”。stop--stopped--stopped drop--dropped--dropped 小组内交流“如何判定现在完成时态”，组长负责总结、记录。

现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:

* 以already, just和yet为标志

already, just和yet 表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。 He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。 He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。 He hasn't come back yet. 他还没有回来。

* 以ever和never为标志

ever和never 表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。 This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。 He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。 * 以动作发生的次数为标志

若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次,则要使用现在完成时。 He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。 * 以so far为标志

so far往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。 He has got to Beijing so far. 到目前为止他已到了北京。 She has passed the exam so far. 到目前为止她已经通过了考试。

检测：

一、1、My father has finished his work.(改为否定句) My father his work. 2、I’ve ever been to Beijing.(改为一般疑问句) you to Beijing? 3、Jim finished his homework.(改为现在完成时) Jim his homework.

4、He has been to Guangzhou twice.（就划线部分提问） has he been to Guangzhou? 二、写出以下动词的过去式及过去分词形式。 (1)have spend make say find hear (2)take speak sing go (3)cut put let read 自评：A B C D 组评：A B C D 拓展一：

* 时间“点”、“段”须分清

过去开始的动作可以延续到某一点结束,也可能继续延续,这时就要根据时间“点”、“段”选择相应的介词for或since。如:

He has been away for two years. 他已走了两年。(for+时间段)

He has been an English teacher since 1992. 自从1992年以来他一直当英语教师。 (since+过去某一时刻)

since , for 的用法:since: (自…以来)1)since+时间点Hehasstayedheresince5o’clock.2)since+ 时间段+ agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago.3)since+ 从句ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.Take notesfor: (长达）for+ 时间段He has kept the book for 2 weeks. 练习一：用for 或since填空。

1. Mr. Brown has had his TV ______ 15 years. 2. I’ve taken driving lessons _______last month. 3. My sister has had her cell phone ______a month . 4. My friends haven’t visited me ______my birthday. 5. We haven’t used our car _____ a long time . 6. She hasn’t had a good cup of coffee _____years. 7. Tom has worn glasses _______he was 7 years old. 自评：A B C D 组评：A B C D 拓展二：

辨析have been to和have gone toMy father has gone toShanghai for a meeting.他（已经）去了上海。My father has been toShanghai for a meeting.他（曾经）去了上海。She has been toChina . 她（曾经）去过中国。（人已经回来了）She has gone toChina last week.上周她去了上海。（人可能回来了也可能没回来）have been to someplace. 曾经去过某地，已经回来．has gone to someplace.某人去了某地，还没有回来．

练习二：用have/has been to, have/has gone to填空： 1. —Where is your brother?

—He ____________ the shop. He’ll be back soon. 2. — ______ you ever _________ to America? —Yes, I ___________ New York twice. 3. —Here you are at last! Where _____ you _____? —I _____________ London. 4. —David _____________Australia. —I’m sure he’s already arrived. 5. —Is Benny here?

—No, he __________ the school library. He left five minutes ago. 自评：A B C D 组评：A B C D 拓展三：

过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。 *“终止”、“延续”要转换

英语中的动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性两种,在现在完成时态中一定要注意动词这一特性,应将这类非延续性动词转换为延续性动词。如:

“The cat play” has been on for half an hour. 《猫》已经开演半个小时了。 How long have you had this dictionary? 这本字典你买了多久了?

初中阶段常见的有:come-be, go out -be out, leave-be away (from), begin-be on, buy-have,

borrow-keep , join-be a member / 介词短语, die-be dead, become-be, open(v.)-be open(adj.) 等。

dieborrowjoinbegin/startleave瞬间动词finish/endarrive/comebuy··········注意: 瞬间动词不能和时间段连用.

关于瞬间动词的记忆口诀

method 1:动作状态diebe deadborrow/buykeep/hadleavebe awayarrivebe herebeginbe on(上演）end/finishbe overjoinbe in marrybe married

现在完成在瞬间；非延只连时间点；终止需转换；否定方可碰一段。

注：1.瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词，还叫终止性动词。瞬间动词可以有现在完成时态，不可以接一段时间，若要接一段时间，须要做一些相应的变换。 2.瞬间动词在完成时态中的否定式可以接一段时间。 练习三：

1、The old man died three years ago.

The old man three years. 2、Tom bought this book two weeks ago.

Tom this book two weeks . 但 3、The film began 10 minutes ago.

The film 10 minutes. 4、The Greens left Beijing three years ago.

The Greens Beijing three years ago. 自评：A B C D 组评：A B C D

本课总评： A B C D