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初一英语时态

2020-03-21 来源:小奈知识网


初一英语时态(共5页)

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初一英语一般现在时态讲解

一、定义与讲解

一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作或一般性事实。,也可表示现在的状态或其他人称用动词原形。 ★ 动词三单形式的变化规则: 主语具备的性格和能力。

通常与副词every day(每天),always(总是),usually(通常),often(经常)sometimes(有时),等时间状语连用。 例:(1)表示事物或人物的特征、状态。

The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。

Mary’s father is an English teacher. 玛丽的爸爸是一名英语老师。 (2)表示经常性或习惯性的动作。 I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 She plays sports every day. 她每天都做运动。 (3)表示客观现实。

The table has four legs.桌子有四条腿。

There are 50 students in my class. 我们班有50个学生。

(4)表示客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,等客观事实或格言谚语等。 The sun rises in the east every day.太阳每天从东方升起。

The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 (5)表示平日的喜好。

I like bananas. We don’t like vegetables.

He likes ice cream. She doesn’t like strawberries. 二.只有主语在第三人称单数时用动词的“三单形式”,

1.(1)多数直接在动词词尾加-s.

play — plays like — likes

ask---asks work---works get---gets call---calls

(2)以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-es. watch---watches wish---wishes do---does go---goes (3)以“辅音字母加 - y”结尾的动词,要先变y为i再加-es. try---tries study---studies cry---cries fly---flies 2.不规则变化:be---- is have----has

三、一般现在时的句子转换:

(1)变一般疑问句:当句子中有be动词或情态动词时,则把be动词或情态动词(can,could等)提到主语的前面, (口诀:一调二变三问号);

(2)变否定句:在be动词或情态动词后面直接加not变成否定句. (be后not莫忘记)

例:①陈述句:She is my sister..

疑问句→ Is she your sister Yes, I am./ No, I’m not. 否定句→ She is not my sister.

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②陈述句:I can play soccer.

疑问句→ Can you play soccer Yes,Ican./ No, I can’t.

否定句→ I can not /can’t play soccer.

★ 注意:对一般疑问句的回答:

一般用什么问就用什么来回答。

但以下例外:Is this a pencil Yes , it is./ No, it isn’t. Is that your backpack? Yes , it is./ No, it isn’t. Are these your parents Yes, they’re./ No, they aren’t. Are those Jim’s brothers Yes, they’re./ No, they aren’t.

(3)当句子中没有be动词,也没有情态动词时,变一般疑问句时,在主语前加助

动词do (I, we, you,以及复数), does(第三人称单数she,he,it等)变成问句;

(4)变否定句时,在主语后谓语动词前加助动词don’t, doesn’t变成否定句,切记:助动词后的动词则还原成动词原形。

例:①陈述句:We get up(起床) at 7:00 every morning. 疑问句→Do you get up at 7:00 every morning?

否定句→We don’t get up at 7:00 every morning. ②陈述句:She has a brother.

疑问句→ Does she have a brother? 否定句→ She doesn’t have a brother.

※ 在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。

但有些同学们对于哪些主语是第三人称单数还不十分清楚,

现归纳总结如下:

一、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如: He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。

二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数。如:

①Han Mei likes salsd . 韩梅喜欢萨拉。

②Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。

③Uncle Wang often plays volleyball.. 王叔叔经常打排球。

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三、单数可数名词或\"this / that / the+单数可数名词\"作主语时,是第三人称单数。如:

②This book is yours. 这本书是你的。

③That car is red. ④The cat is Lucy's. 这只猫是露茜的。

四、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that作主语时,是第三人称单数。①Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。 ②There is a watch on the table. 桌上有块手表。 ③This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。④That is an eraser.

五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如: ①The milk(牛奶) is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。 ②The bread is very small. 那面包很小。

六、当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数。如: ①\"6\" is a lucky number. \"6\"是个吉利数字。

②\"I\" is a letter. \"I\"是个字母。

主语+be(am, is, are)+现在分词,如: I am reading English.我正在读英语。 He is writing.他正在写字。 You are running.你正在跑步。 ②一般疑问句

Be(Am, Is, Are)+主语+现在分词, 如: 1. -Are you singing?你正在唱歌吗?

-Yes, I am.是的,我在唱歌。 -No, I'm not.不,我不在唱歌。

2. -Is he (she) listening to music?他(她)在听音乐吗? -Yes, he (she) is.是的,他(她)在听音乐。 -No, he (she) isn't.不,他(她)不在听音乐。 ③特殊疑问句

疑问词+be (am, is, are)+主语+现在分词,如: 1. -What are you doing?你正在干什么?

-I am doing my homework.我正在做作业。 2. -What is he (she) doing?他(她)正在干什么? -He (She) is riding a bike.他(她)正在骑自行车。 ④否定句

主语+be(am, is, are)+not+现在分词 I am not reading English我不在读英语。

【注】 这里的现在分词指的是Ving形式;像look(看)、listen(听)、now(现在) 常出现在现在进行时态句子中。请看:

! Jack is swimming.看!杰克正在游泳。 2. Listen! She is singing.听!她正在唱歌。

am cleaning my room now.现在我正在打扫房间。 四.动词加ing的变化规则

1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking

2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting

现在进行时讲解

 现在进行时概念:

现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

二. 现在进行时结构:Be动词+Ving 三.现在进行时几种句型用法: ①陈述句(肯定句)

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3.假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping

一般过去时详细讲解

一、巧记一般过去时:

动词一般过去时,表示过去发生的事;be用was或用were, have,has变had;

谓语动词过去式,过去时间作标志;一般动词加-ed,若是特殊得硬记。 否定句很简单,主语之后didn’t添;

疑问句也不难,did放在主语前; 不含be动词时 如果谓语之前有did,谓语动词需还原;

动词若是was,were,否定就把not添。 含be动词时 疑问句也不难,要把was,were放在主语前。

二、be的一般过去时:学习动词be的一般过去时,下面有一口诀,它可以帮你们更好地掌

握动词be的一般过去时。 be的过去时有四巧: 一是时间状语巧, 表示过去的短语要记牢;

二是形式巧,单数was,复数were; 三巧是否定句结构,not紧跟was/were; 四是疑问句式巧,was/were向前跑(提前)。

【一巧】时间状语(即标志词)巧。一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,恰巧

与表示过去的一些时间状语连用。

1. yesterday或以其构成的短语:yesterday morning(afternoon, evening) 等; 2. 由“last+一时间名词”构成的短语:last night, last year (winter, month, 【二巧】形式巧。它与一般现在时一样,形式多样:当主语是第一人称单数或第三人称单

数时,谓语动词用was;主语是第二人称或其他人称复数时,谓语动词用were。

例如: I was in the classroom yesterday morning. 昨天早上我在教室里。 He was at school last Tuesday. 上周二他在学校。 They were over there a moment ago. 刚才他们在那边。

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【三巧】否定句结构巧。与动词be的一般现在时一样,它在动词后面加not即可变成否定

否定回答用“No,主语+wasn't/weren't.”。

例如:—Were Wei Hua and Han Mei here just now﹖ 刚才魏华和韩梅在这儿 句,并且was, were与not可以缩写成wasn't, weren't。即: 主语 + wasn't/ weren't + 表语 + 其他。例如: I was not (=wasn't) here yesterday. 昨天我不在这儿。

My parents were not (=weren't) at home last Sunday. 上周日我父母不在家。【四巧】 疑问句式巧。把was, were提到句首,句末用问号即可变为一般疑问句。即:

Was(Were) + 主语 +表语 + 其他?这恰巧与动词be的一般现在时的疑问句

式相似。例如: Were you at home the day before yesterday﹖ 前天你在家吗?

Was she late this morning﹖今天早上她迟到了吗?

更巧的是疑问句的答语也相似,肯定回答用“Yes, 主语+was/were.”;吗?

—Yes, they were. (No, they weren't.) 是的,她们在。(不,她们不在。)

一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式。

have like drink _____ go _____ stay ____ make ______look ______have____ come_____ watch______ plant_____ fly _____ do_____ study___ _ teach_____ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

1. He often ________(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One. 3. We ____ ___(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick ____ ___(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ______ they ________(like) pears

6. _______ your parents _______(have) eggs every day?

7. There ________(be) some water in the bottle. 三、按照要求改写句子

1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)

___________________________________________________ 2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)

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___________________________________________________ 3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答) ___________________________

4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答) ___________________________________________________ 五、改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上) 1. Is your brother speak English __________________ 2. Does he likes going fishing ________________ 3. He likes play games after class. _______________ __ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _______________ 5. She don’t do her homework on Sundays. _____________ 一、写出下列动词的现在分词:

play________ sing ________ go_________ feed_____ read________ eat______ write________ have_________ make_____ dance______ take_________ come ________ put_________ cut ________run__________ swim _________ sit _______get________lie________ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:

boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.

2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?

5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson . 三、句型转换:

1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)

①___________________________________________________________ ②_____________________________________________________________

2.The students are cleaning the classroom .(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答) ①_____________________________________ ②_________________③_________________

3.I’m playing the football in the playground .(改为否定句)

_________________________________________________________________ 写出下列动词的过去式go ______ _ enjoy _______buy ______ eat______ _get _______walk _______take______ __ dance_______ write _______

run______swim_______ find _______ begin______ eat ______play ______ study ______

用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Tom and Mary ___________ (come) to China last month. 2. Mike _________________(not go) to bed until 12 o’clock last night. So he ______ (get ) up late. 3. Mary __________ (read) English yesterday morning. 4. There _________ (be) no one here a moment ago. 5. I ___________ (call) Mike this morning. 6. I listened but ___________ (hear) nothing. 7. Tom ___________ (begin) to learn Chinese last year. 8. Last week we _________ (pick) many apples on the farm. 9. My mother ________________ (not do) housework yesterday. 10. She watches TV every evening. But she ____________ (not watch) TV last night.

1. The children had a good time in the park. 否定句:

__________________________________________ 一般疑问句:________________________________________ 对划线部分提问:____________________________________

2. There were about nine hundred people at the concert.(音乐会) 否定句:__________________________________________ 一般疑问句:________________________________________ 对划线部分提问:____________________________________

3. There was only one problem. 否定句:

__________________________________________ 一般疑问句:________________________________________ 肯定/否定回答:____________________________________

4. Ann did her homework yesterday evening. 否定句:

__________________________________________ 一般疑问句:________________________________________ 对划线部分提问:____________________________________ 5. I read an English book last week 7

否定句:__________________________________________ 一般疑问句:________________________________________ 肯定/否定回答:____________________________________ 对划线部分提问:____________________________________ 6. My brother was in the park just now. 否定句:__________________________________________ 一般疑问句:________________________________________ 肯定/否定回答:____________________________________ 对划线部分提问:___________________________________

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