知识点一（词性）
【知识梳理】
一、词类：英语的词通常分为十大类：
1、名词(n.)是人和事物的名称，如pen(钢笔)，English(英语)，life(生活)。
2、代词(pron.)是用来代替名词的词，如we(我们)，his(他的)，all(全部)。
3、形容词(adj.)用来修饰名词，如great(伟大的)，honest(诚实的)，difficult(困难的)。
4、数词(num.)是表示\"多少\"和\"第几\"的词，如four(四)，eighteen(十八)，first(第一)，eighth(十八)，hundred(一百)。
5、动词(v)表示动作和状态，如write(写)，walk(行走)，think(想)。
6、副词(adv.)是修饰动词、形容词和副词的词，如quickly(快)，often(经常)，very(很)。
7、冠词(art.)说明名词所指的人或物的词，如a，an(一个)，the(这，那)。
8、介词(prep.)表示名词(或代词)与句子里其它词的关系，如from(从)，in(在…内)，between(在…之间)。
9、连词(conj.)是连接词、短语、从句和句子的词，如and(和)，because(因为)，if(假如)。
10、感叹词(int.)表示感情，如。oh(噢)，aha(啊哈)，hush(嘘)。
[注一]属于前六类(名、代、形、数、动、副等词)的词都有实义，叫做实词(notional word)。属于后四类（冠、介、连、感等词）的词没有实义，叫做虚词(form word)。
[注二]不少词可以属于几个词类，如work(工作；动词和名词)，fast(快；形容词和副词)，since(自从；连词和介词)等。
【例题精讲】 例1.
一.写出下列单词的词性，用缩写表示。
1.have__________ 2.shine__________ 3.I __________
4.child__________
5.big__________
6.sit__________
7.tall__________
8.went__________
9.plan__________
10.see_________
【课堂练习】 1.词性归类
student classroom second floor computer
third swing push
heavystop high great Christmas buy
present
知识点二（语音）
【知识梳理】
1. 元音 发音响亮，发音时口腔中气流不受阻碍，是构成音节的主要因素。英语的元 音分
为单元音和双元音两类
2. 辅音 发音不响亮，发音时口腔中气流受阻碍。辅音不构成音节。
3. 音节 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。如：ap-'ple, 'stu-dent, 'tea-cher, un-der-'stand 4. 开音节，闭音节 开音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音 e 如:kite cake name bike make take
home 2)辅音+元音 如:he hi go no do be tree three hello 闭音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音 : 如: sit bed bad bag hot let mad map head 2)元音+辅音 如: it is of in on up out ant
5. 重读音节 重读音节是单词中发音特别响亮的音节 6，非重读音节 非重读音节是单词中
不重读或者弱读的音节。 三. 分类
48 个国际音标表 元音 （20）
短元音12 个单元音 [i:] [i] [e] [æ] [ɔ:] [ɔ ] [ə:] [ə] [u:] [u] [a:] [∧] 双元音8 个双元音 [ai] [ei] [au] [iə] [uə] [εə] [əu] [ɔi] 辅音（28） 清辅音 浊辅音
[p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g] [f] [v] [θ] [ð] [s] [z] [∫] [ʒ] [m] [n] [ŋ ] [l]
[tr] [dr] [t∫] [dʒ] [ts] [dz] [r] [j] [h] [w]
【例题精讲】
语音辨析。判断下列每组单词划线部分读音是（√）否（X）相同。 ( ) 1.face cake ( ) 2.bike big ( ) 3.nose home ( ) 4.these thank ( ) 5.who what
【课堂练习】
选择划线部分发音不同的选项。
1. ( ) A. Swedish B. English C. wish D. watch 2. ( ) A. nice B. this C. it D. ticket 3. ( ) A. cup B. umbrella C. students D. much 4. ( ) A. that B. thank C. three D. teeth 5. ( ) A. we B. very C. dress D. yes 6. ( ) A. tidy B. middle C. drink D. window 7. ( ) A. choice B. noise C. boil D. blackboard 8. ( ) A. take B. say C. lake D. map 9. ( ) A. honey B. money C. love D. on 10.( )A. set B. met C. let D. make
【答案】DACAA ADDAD
课后练习
The New Year’s Eve party was going on when the bell rang. A tall man opened the door and came in. Nobody knew him, but the host went over and took him in. The man sat there happily for an hour and drunk. Then he said, “invited me to this party。I don’t know you, or anyone else here. My wife and I wanted to go out in our car, but one of your friend’s cars was in front of our gate, so I came here to find him, and my wife is still waiting in our car!” 1. When did the story happen?
A At 7:00 B In December C On New Year’s Eve D When the bell rang 2. The “bell” here means the _____.
A time bell B doorbell C church bell D bell for class
3. The host went to meet and took him in because he took the tall man for ____. A one of his friends B his brother C his classmate D his teacher 4. The tall man’s wife waited in the car for _____. A a long time B two hours C a half hour D an hour
5. At last, the host might be a little_____. A happy B surprised C worried
D afraid
CBADB
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