Automation 1502 YuDeyu
一、复习建议：
1. 加强历史、文化、经济以及社会发展相关热词的积累 2. 广撒网，学习、揣摩这些话题相关的难点单句训练
做这些单句训练时，先阅读1遍整个段落，专门挑出自己觉得比较难翻的句子，然后重点练习这一句的翻译。难句会了，简单句自然不在话下。
在做单句翻译时，先尝试自己翻，翻完以后，对照答案，看解析，总结和揣摩其中好的词汇和表达。下面请大家跟着教研君给出的常考单句示例，具体学习吧~
1. 对于大多数年轻人来说，结婚意味着独立组建家庭，然而物价的不断上涨使这一切变得越来越困难。
参考译文：For most young people, marriage means setting up a family independently, which has become increasingly difficult because of the constantly rising prices. 词汇点评：
组建家庭：set up a family。有同学容易使用start a family。start a family表示begin to have children“开始生儿育女”。
越来越：一般看到“越来越”大家习惯译为more and more，比如“越来越多的人”more and more people，但译为a growing number of people可令人眼前为之一亮；而表达“变得越来越”的含义时，使用become increasingly的译法更好。
物价的不断上涨：constantly rising prices，而不是price rising。 表达点评：
本句是一个表转折关系的并列句，后半句中的“物价的不断上涨使这一切……”中的“这一切”指代前半句中提到的“结婚意味着独立组建家庭”，因此，用which引导的非限制性定语从句，让整个句子简洁明了。
使字句的翻译：“物价的不断上涨”是“这一切变得困难”的原因，因此处理为原因状语，用because of…来带出原因。
2. 过去十年中国房地产（real estate）行业高速发展。
参考译文：The past decade has witnessed a high-speed development in China's real estate. 词汇点评： 十年：decade
高速发展：develop rapidly; high-speed development 表达点评：
本句可直译为For the past decade, China's real estate developed rapidly，但如果以“过去十年”作为主语，套用句型time + see / witness + sth.则表达更加生动形象，更易提分。see / witness意为“见证，证明”，具体使用时注意时态应和语境一致。所以本句译为：The past decade has witnessed…更地道，注意这里使用现在完成时。 “过去十年”作主语时，注意动词短语“高速发展”要转换为名词短语。 3. 胡同（Hutong）是北京的一大特色，有着与北京城一样久远的历史。
参考译文：Hutong, with a history as long as that of Beijing city, is a major feature of Beijing. 词汇点评：
特色：feature; characteristic 与……一样：as … as 表达点评：
文化类段落翻译中经常考到“特色”一词的翻译，大家一定要牢记。
前半句“胡同（Hutong）是北京的一大特色”是句子主干，后半句“有着与北京城一样久远的历史”可用介词短语with a history as long as that of Beijing city来表达，以插入语的形式置于主语之后，这样整个句子的中心更突出。 二、考场“强心针”：
1. 问：翻译过程中，表达优美重要，还是正确性重要？
答：正确性更重要。如果觉得自己不能翻得特别好，那就首先保证尽可能少的语法错误，意思表达到即可，抓到分是关键。
2. 问：平时积累了不少词汇和表达，到了翻译段落时，突然不会了，最后翻得不是太好？
答：这种情况分两种原因：1）太急着下笔，段落含义没有理解透彻。同学在做汉译英时，一定要首先认真把整个中文段落多读几遍，理顺其中隐含的逻辑关系和信息，确定用哪个词做主语、谓语、定语，然后再下笔真正开始翻译。2）同学的语法功底稍有欠缺，这种情况，尽量把汉语的长句子拆成短句子。同样是要多读中文，才能先把中文拆分好，然后逐句、逐句去翻译。
3. 问：我翻译的时态总跟答案的时态有出入，怎么办？
答：举几个实例来跟同学讲解下。1）遇到“近年来……某种现象越来越……”的表达。首先揣摩该现象是否有“正在进行而且将一直持续下去的趋势”，如果符合该条件，使用现在进行时就可以把这个隐含意义完美表达出来。2）强调过去某一现象或从过去延续至今的动作对现在造成的影响，多用现在完成时态。比如“过去十年，中国的房地产业经历了前所未有的高速增长。”这句中就要使用现在完成时态而非一般过去时。
11.大事化小小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all
12.大开眼界 open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener 13.国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace?
14.过犹不及 going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little
15.功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits. 16.好了伤疤忘了疼 once on shore, one prays no more
17.好事不出门恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide.
18.和气生财 Harmony brings wealth.
19.活到老学到老 One is never too old to learn. 20.既往不咎 let bygones be bygones
21.金无足赤人无完人 Gold can't be pure and man can't be perfect. 22.金玉满堂 Treasures fill the home. 23.脚踏实地 be down-to-earth 24.脚踩两只船 sit on the fence
25.君子之交淡如水 the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendship green
26.老生常谈陈词滥调 cut and dried, cliché 27.礼尚往来 Courtesy calls for reciprocity.
28.留得青山在不怕没柴烧 Where there is life, there is hope. 29.马到成功 achieve immediate victory; win instant success 30.名利双收 gain in both fame and wealth
31.茅塞顿开 be suddenly enlightened 32.没有规矩不成方圆 Nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards. 33.每逢佳节倍思亲 On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of one's dear ones far is on the festival occasions when one misses his dear most.
34.谋事在人成事在天 The planning lies with man, the outcome with Heaven. Man proposes, God disposes.
35.弄巧成拙 be too smart by half; Cunning outwits itself 36.拿手好戏 masterpiece
37.赔了夫人又折兵 throw good money after bad
38.抛砖引玉 a modest spur to induce others to come forward with valuable contributions; throw a sprat to catch a whale
39.破釜沉舟 cut off all means of retreat；burn one‘s own way of retreat and be determined to fight to the end
40.抢得先机 take the preemptive opportunities
41.巧妇难为无米之炊 If you have no hand you can't make a fist. One can't make bricks without straw.
42.千里之行始于足下 a thousand-li journey begins with the first step--the highest eminence is to be gained step by step 43.前事不忘后事之师 Past experience, if not forgotten, is a guide for the future. 44.前人栽树后人乘凉 One generation plants the trees in whose shade another generation sows and another reaps.
45.前怕狼后怕虎 fear the wolf in front and the tiger behind hesitate in doing something
46.强龙难压地头蛇 Even a dragon (from the outside) finds it hard to control a snake in its old haunt - Powerful outsiders can hardly afford to neglect local bullies. 47.强强联手 win-win co-operation
48.瑞雪兆丰年 A timely snow promises a good harvest. 49.人之初性本善 Man's nature at birth is good. 50.人逢喜事精神爽 Joy puts heart into a man. 51.人海战术 huge-crowd strategy
52.世上无难事只要肯攀登 Where there is a will, there is a way.
53.世外桃源 a fictitious land of peace away from the turmoil of the world; 54.死而后已 until my heart stops beating 55.岁岁平安 Peace all year round.
56.上有天堂下有苏杭 Just as there is paradise in heaven, ther are Suzhou and Hangzhou on earth
57.塞翁失马焉知非福 Misfortune may be an actual blessing.
58.三十而立 A man should be independent at the age of thirty, a man should be able to think for himself.
59.升级换代 updating and upgrading (of products) 60.四十不惑 Life begins at forty.
73.团结就是力量Unity is strength.
74.“跳进黄河洗不清”'eve if one jumped into the Yellow River, one can not wash oneself clean--there's nothing one can do to clear one's name ' 75.歪风邪气unhealthy practices and evil phenomena
76.物以类聚，人以群分Birds of a feather flock together.
77.往事如风'The past has vanished (from memory) like wind.; What in past, is pas
78.望子成龙hold high hopes for one's child
79.屋漏又逢连阴雨Misfortunes never come singly. When it rains it pours. 80.文韬武略military expertise; military strategy 81.唯利是图draw water to one's mill
82.无源之水,无本之木water without a source, and a tree wiithout roots 83.无中生有make create something out of nothing
84.无风不起浪There are no waves without wind. There's no smoke without fire. 85.徇私枉法bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends 86.新官上任三把火a new broom sweeps clean
87.虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
88. 蓄势而发accumulate strength for a take-off 89.心想事成May all your wish come true 90.心照不宣have a tacit understanding; give tacit consent; tacit understanding
102.有钱能使鬼推磨Money makes the mare go. Money talks. 103. 有识之士people of vision
104.有勇无谋use brawn rather than brain
105.有缘千里来相会Separated as we are thousands of miles apart, we come together as if by predestination. 106.与时俱进advance with times
107.以人为本people oriented; people foremost
108.因材施教teach students according to their aptitude
109.欲穷千里目，更上一层楼'to ascend another storey to see a thousand miles further; Ascend further, were you to look farther; Would eye embrace a thousand miles? Go up, one flight.' a land of milk and honey 110.欲速则不达Haste does not bring success. 111. 优胜劣汰survival of the fittest 112.英雄所见略同Great minds think alike.
113.冤家宜解不宜结Better make friends than make enemies.
114.冤假错案'cases in which people were unjustly, falsely or wrongly charged or sentenced; unjust, false or wrong cases'
115.一言既出，驷马难追A real man never goes back on his words. 116.招财进宝Money and treasures will be plentiful 117.债台高筑become debt-ridden
119. 众矢之的target of public criticism
120.知己知彼,百战不殆Know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat. 121. 纸上谈兵be an armchair strategist
122.纸包不住火Truth will come to light sooner or later. 123.左右为难between the devil and the deep blue sea
中国社会常用词
多元文化论 cultural pluralism? 文化适应 acculturation? 社会保障 social security? 班车 shuttle bus
相定迁户 a relocated unit or household?
大龄青年 single youth above the normal matrimonial age 独生子女 the only child in a family? 单亲 single parent?
福利彩票 welfare lotteries?
家政服务 household management service? 民工 migrant laborers? 名人 celebrity
农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labor/laborers? 青春期 puberty
全民健身运动 nationwide fitness campaign? 全国人口普查 nationwide census? 社会保险 social insurance?
暂住证 temporary residence permit/card? 青少年犯罪 juvenile delinquency? 性骚扰 sexual harassment? 走私 smuggling
*性另歧视 gender/sexual discrimination? 年龄歧视 age discrimination? 工作歧视 job discrimination? 享乐主义hedonism? 文盲 illiteracy
贫富分化 disparity between the rich and the poor? 盗版 pirated/illegal copies?
一国两制 One Country, Two Systems? 三个代表 the Three Represents Theory?
两会（人大、政协）Two Conferences (NPC and CPPCC) 南南合作 South-South Cooperation 南北对话 North-South Dialog
人大常委会 People’s Congress Standing Committee 法制观念 awareness of law
法制国家 a country with an adequate legal system 改革开放 reform and opening-up 公务员 civil servants
官僚主义作风 the bureaucratic style of work? 和谐并存 harmonious coexistence? 计划生育 family planning
计划生育基本国策 the basic state policy of family planning 4青才申文明建设 the construction of spiritual civilization? 居委会 neighborhood committee
科教兴国 national rejuvenation through science and education? 可持续发展 sustainable development? 廉洁高效 honesty and high efficiency? 两岸关系 cross-straits relations? 两岸谈判 cross-straits negotiations? 领 土完整 territorial integrity? 民族精神 national spirit?
普选制 general election system
求同存异 seek common ground while shelving differences? 人大代表NPC member
物质文明和精神文明 material and spiritual civilization 小康社会 a well-off society 小康水平 a well-off standard
一个中国原则 the one-China principle 与时俱进 keep pace with the times 综合国力 overall national strength 共同愿望common desire “走出去”（战略）going global 不结盟 non-alignment 单边主义 unilateralism 多边政策 multilateralism 多极世界 multipolar world
人 口 老龄化 aging of population 人口出生率birth rate
社区月服务 community service 道德法庭 court of ethics 盗用公款embezzlement
成人夜校 night school for adults 在职进修班 on-job training courses
政治思想教育 political and ideological education
毕业生分酉己 graduate placement; assignment of graduate 充电 update one’s knowledge 初等教育 elementary education 大学城 college town
大学社区 college community 高等教育 higher education
高等教育“211 工程” the “211 Project” for higher education 高等学府 institution of higher education 综合性大学 comprehensive university 文科院校 colleges of (liberal) arts
理工科大学 college / university of science and engineering 师范学院 teachers’ college; normal college 高分低能 high scores and low abilities
高考(university/college) entrance examination
高校扩招 the college expansion plan 教育界 education circle 教育投入 input in education
九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education
考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools 课外活动 extracurricular activities 必修课 required/compulsory course? 选修课 elective/optional course? 基础课 basic courses?
专业课 specialized courses? 课程表 school schedule?
教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus? 学习年限 period of schooling? 学历 record of formal schooling? 学分 credit
启发式教学 heuristic teaching? 人才交流 talent exchange?
人才战 competition for talented people?
商务英语证书 Business English Certificate (BEC)?
适龄儿重入学率 enrollment rate for children of school age
升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade; enrollment rate
总需求 aggregate demand? 总供给 aggregate supply?
企业文化 corporate/entrepreneurial culture?
企业形象 corporate image (Cl); enterprise image? 跨国公司 cross-national corporation?
创业精神 enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit? 外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise 猎头公司head-hunter?
假日经济 holiday economy? 人力资本human capital?
航空和航天工业aerospace industry? 飞机制造工业aircraft industry? 电子工业 electronic industry? 汽车制造工业 car industry? 娱乐业 entertainment industry? 信息产业 information industry?
知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive industry?
国有大中型企业 large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises? 轻工业 light industry? 博彩业 lottery industry?
制造业 manufacturing industry?
垄断行业 monopoly industries?
市场多元化 market diversification? 市场经济 market economy? 市场监管 market supervision? 购买力 purchasing power? 熊市 bear market? 牛市 bull market? 城镇化 urbanization? 房地产 real estate? 首付 down-payment? 业主 home owner
个人购房贷款 individual housing loan? 经济全球化 economic globalization? 经济特区 special economic zones (SEZ) 经济增长 economic growth?
泡沫经济 bubble economy 关税tariff 纳税人tax payer?
宏观经济macro economy?
货币投放量 the size of money supply? 流动性过剩excess liquidity? 经济过热 overheated economy? 通货膨胀inflation?
抑制通货膨胀curb inflation? 注入流动性 to inject liquidity? 贴现率 discount rate
存款准备金率 reserve requirement ratio (RRR) 公开市场业务 open market operation (OMO)
逆回购 reverse repurchase agreement; reverse repo?
引导降低市场借贷成本to guide the market borrowing costs to a lower level? 稳健的货币政策prudent monetary policy? 微调货币政策 to fine-tune monetary policy 硬着陆 hard landing? 软着陆 soft landing?
二十国集团 Group of Twenty (G2O) 财政部长 Finance Minister
全年预期经济增长目标the expected growth target for the whole year? 经济活力 economic vitality
大规模经济刺激计划 a massive economic stimulus package? 结构改革 structural reform 硬资产 hard assets? 软资产 soft assets?
有形资产 tangible assets? 经济走廊 economic corridor?
整顿市场秩序 to rectify the market order?
反垄断 antitrust; anti-monopoly? 定价浮动 price fluctuations?
谋求利益最大化 to maximize profit? 债务审计audit of debt
地方性政府债务 local government debt/liability?
公共财政体制改革 an overhaul of the public finance system 债务管理 debt management? 信用支持 credit support 京剧 Peking opera? 秦腔 Qin opera? 功夫Kungfo? 太极Tai Chi?
口 技 ventriloquism? 木偶戏puppet show? 皮影戏 shadowplay?
折子戏 opera highlights? 杂技 acrobatics?
相声 witty dialogue comedy? 刺绣 embroidery?
苏绣 Suzhou embroidery? 泥人 clay figure? 书法 calligraphy
中国画 traditional Chinese painting? 水墨画 Chinese brush painting? 中国结 Chinese knot
中国古代四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China? 火药 gunpowder? 印刷术printing?
造纸术 paper-making? 指南针 the compass? 青铜器 bronze ware? 瓷器 porcelain; china
唐三彩 tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty 景泰蓝cloisonne 秋千swing
武术 martial arts 儒家思想Confucianism
儒家文化 Confucian culture 道教 Taoism 墨家Mohism 法家 Legalism 佛教 Buddhism 孔子 Confucius 孟子 Mencius
老子 Lao Tzu 庄子 Chuang Tzu 墨子 Mo Tzu 孙子Sun Tzu
象形文字 pictographic characters
文房四宝（笔墨纸观）the Four Treasures of the Study (brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone)
《大学》The Great Learning
《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean 《论语》The Analects of Confucius 《孟子》The Mencius
《孙子兵法》The Art of War 《三国演义》Three Kingdoms
《西游爷己》Journey to the West 《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions 《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes
《山海经》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers 《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror
《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals 《史记》Historical Records 《诗经》The Book of Songs
《易经》The I Ching; The Book of Changes 《礼记》The Book of Rites
《三字经》Three-character Scriptures 八股文 eight-part essay
五言绝句 five-character quatrain 七言律诗 seven-character octave 旗袍 cheongsam
中山装 Chinese tunic suit 唐装 Tang suit
风水 Fengshui; geomantic omen? 阳历 Solar calendar? 阴历 Lunar calendar? 闰年 leap year? 十二生肖zodiac?
春节 the Spring Festival? 元宵节 the Lantern Festival 清明节 the Tomb-sweeping Day? 端午节 the Dragon-boat Festival? 中秋节 the Mid-autumn Day? 重阳节 the Double-ninth Day? 七夕节 the Double-seventh Day? 春联 spring couplets? 庙会 temple fair?
爆竹 firecracker
年画（traditional) New Year pictures? 压岁钱 New Year gift-money 舞龙dragon dance
元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings? 花灯 festival lantern 灯谜 lantern riddle 舞狮 lion dance
踩高跷 stilt walking 赛龙舟 dragon boat race 胡同hutong
山东菜 Shandong cuisine? 川菜 Sichuan cuisine? 粤菜 Canton cuisine? 扬州菜 Yangzhou cuisine? 月饼 moon cake? 年糕 rice cake?
油条 deep-fried dough sticks? 豆浆 soybean milk? 馒头 steamed buns?
花卷 steamed twisted rolls? 包子 steamed stuffed buns? 北京烤鸭 Beijing roast duck? 拉面 hand-stretched noodles? 馄饨 wonton (dumplings in soup) 豆腐 tofu? bean curd? 麻花 fried dough twist? 烧饼 clay oven rolls?
皮蛋 100-year egg; century egg? 蛋炒饭 fried rice with egg? 糖葫芦 tomatoes on sticks? 火锅hot pot
长城 the Great Wall of China? 烽火台 beacon tower
秦士台皇陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang 兵马俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses 大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda 丝绸之路the Silk Road 敦煌莫高窟Mogao Grottoes 华清池 Huaqing Hot Springs 五台山\"Wutai Mountain 九华山 Jiuhua Mountain 蛾眉山Mount Emei 泰山 Mount Tai
黄山 Mount Huangshan; the Yellow Mountain? 故宫 the Imperial Palace 天坛 the Temple of Heaven? 午门 Meridian Gate 大运河 Grand Canal 护城河the Moat 回音壁Echo Wall
居庸关 Juyongguan Pass
九龙壁 the Nine Dragon Wall
黄帝陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi 十三陵 the Ming Tombs 苏州园林 Suzhou gardens 西湖 West Lake
九寨沟 Jiuzhaigou Valley 日月潭 Sun Moon Lake 布达拉宫Potala Palace 鼓楼 drum tower
四合院 quadrangle; courtyard complex 孔庙 Confucius Temple
乐山大佛 Leshan Giant Buddha
十八罗汉 the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha 喇嘛Lama
转世灵重 reincarnated soul boy 中药 traditional Chinese medicine
《黄帝内经》Emperor Huangdi，s Canon of Traditional Chinese Medicine? 《神农本草经》Shennong，s Herbal Classic? 《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica? 针灸 acupuncture? 推拿 medical massage? 切脉 feeling the pulse?
五禽戏 five-animal exercises? 旧石器时代 the Paleolithic Age?
新石器时代 the Neolithic Age; New Stone Age? 母系氏族社会 matriarchal clan society? 封建的feudal? 朝代 dynasty? 秦朝 Qin Dynasty? 汉朝 Han Dynasty? 唐朝 Tang Dynasty? 宋朝 Song Dynasty? 元朝 Yuan Dynasty? 明朝 Ming Dynasty? 清朝 Qing Dynasty
秦士台皇帝 Emperor Qinshihuang; the First Emperor of Qin 皇太后 Empress Dowager
汉高祖刘邦 Liu Bang, Emperor Hangaozu, founder of the Han Dynasty? 成吉思汗Genghis Khan?
春秋时期 the Spring and Autumn Period? 文成公主 Tang Princess Wencheng? 慈禧太后 Empress Dowager Ci Xi? 皇帝，君主 emperor; monarch? 诸侯vassal
皇妃 imperial concubine? 丞相，宰相 prime minister? 太监 court eunuch?
少数民族 ethnic minority? 祭祀 offer sacrifices? 西域 the Western Regions? 战国 the Warring States?
中华文明 Chinese civilization? 文明的摇篮 cradle of civilization
秦始皇统一中国 unification of the country by Emperor Qinshihuang? 鸦片战争the Opium War?
太平天国 the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom? 戌戌变法 the Reform Movement of 1898? 辛亥革命 the 1911 Revolution?
新民主主义革命 New-democratic Revolution? 五四运动 the May 4th Movement of 1919? 南昌起义 Nanchang Uprising?
918 事变 September 18th Incident? 长征 the Long March? 西安事变 Xi\"an Incident? 南京大屠杀Nanjing Massacre?
抗日战争 the War of Resistance Against Japan? 毛泽东 Mao Tse-tong? 孙中山 Sun Yat-sen? 蒋介石 Chiang Kai-shek? 国民党 Kuomingtang
中华人民共和国 the People’s Republic of China (PRC) 满族 Manchu 蒙古人Mongol
士大夫 scholar-officials 学者 scholar 诗人 poet
政治家statesman
社会地位social status
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