第一篇 Section B Directions: In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions 6y marking the corresponding letter on Answer' Sheet 2. Can Digital Textbooks Truly Replace the Print Kind?
A) The shortcomings of traditional print edition textbooks are obvious: For starters they're heavy, with the average physics textbook weighing 3.6 pounds. They're also expensive, especially when you factor in the average college student's limited budget, typically costing hundreds of dollars every semester. But the worst part is that print versions of textbooks are constantly undergoing revisions. Many professors require that their students use only the latest versions in the classroom, essentially rendering older texts unusable. For students, it means they're basically stuck with a four pound paperweight that they can't sell back.
B) Which is why digital textbooks, if they live up to their promise, could help ease many of these shortcomings. But till now, they've been something like a mirage(幻影)in the distance, more like a hazy (模糊的) dream than an actual reality. Imagine the promise: Carrying all your textbooks in a 1.3 pound iPad? It sounds almost too good to be true. But there are a few pilot schools already making the transition(过渡) over to digital books. Universities like Cornell and Brown have jumped onboard. And one medical program at the University of California, Irvine, gave their entire class iPads with which to download textbooks just last year.
C) But not all were eager to jump aboard. \"People were tired of using the iPad textbook besides using it for reading,\" says Kalpit Shah, who will be going into his second year at Irvine's
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medical program this fall. \"'They weren't using it as a source of communication because they couldn't read or write in it. So a third of the people in my program were using the iPad in class to take notes, the other third were using laptops and the last third were using paper and pencil.”The reason it hasn't caught on yet .he tells me, is that the functionality of e-edition textbooks is incredibly limited, and some students just aren't motivated to learn new study behavior.
D) But a new application called Inkling might change all that. The company just released an updated version last week, and it'll be utilized in over 50 undergraduate and graduate classrooms this coming school year. “Digital textbooks are not going to catch on,”says Inkling CEO Matt MacInnis as he's giving me a demo(演示)over coffee. “What I mean by that is the current perspective of the digital textbook is it's an exact copy of the print book. There's Course Smart, etc.，these guys who take an image of the page and put it on a screen. If that's how we're defining digital textbooks, there's no of that becoming a mainstream product”
E) He calls Inkling a platform for publishers to build rich multimedia content from the ground up, with a heavy emphasis on real-world functionality. The traditional textbook merely serves as a skeleton. At first glance Inkling is an impressive experience. After swiping(触击)into the iPad app(应用软件)，which you can get for free here, he opens up a few different types of textbooks.
F) Up first chapters is a chemistry book. The boot time is pretty fast, and he navigates through(浏览)a few before swiping into a fully rendered 3D molecule that can be spun around to view its various blocks. \"Publishers give us all of the source media, artwork, videos,” he says, \"We help them think through how to actually build something for this platform.” Next he pulls a music composition textbook, complete with playable demos. It's a learning experience that attacks you from multiple sensory directions. It's clear why this would be something a music major would love.
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G) But the most exciting part about Inkling, to me, is its notation(批注)system. Here's how it works: When you purchase a used print book, it comes with its previous owner's highlights and notes in the margins. It uses the reading (how much experience you trust of someone who already went through the class to help improve your each notation is obviously up to you). But with Inkling, you can highlight a piece of content and make notes. Here's where things get interesting, though: If a particularly important passage is highlighted by multiple Inkling users, that information is stored on the cloud and is available for anyone reading the same textbook to come across. That means users have access to notes from not only their classmates and Face-book friends, but anyone who purchased the book across the country. The best comments are then sorted democratically by a voting system, that your social learning experience is shared with the best and brightest thinkers. As a can even chime in(插话)on discussions. They'll be able to answer the questions of students who are in their class directly via the interactive book.
H) Of course, Inkling addresses several of the other shortcomings in traditional print as well. Textbook versions are constantly updated, motivating publishers by minimizing production costs (the big ones like McGraw-Hill are already onboard).Furthermore, students will be able to purchase sections of the text instead of buying the whole thing, with individual chapters costing as little as$2.99.
I) There are, however, challenges. \"It takes efforts to build each book,”MacInnis tells me. And it's clear why. Each interactive textbook is a media-heavy experience built from the ground up, and you can tell that it takes a respectable amount of manpower to put together each one.
J) For now the app is also iPad-exclusive, hardware away for free, for other and though a few of these educational institutions are giving students who don't have such a luxury it's an added layer of cost--and an expensive one at that.
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K) But this much is clear: The traditional textbook model is and has been broken for quite some time. Whether digitally interactive ones like Inkling actually take off or not remains to be seen, and we probably won't have a definite answer for the next few years. However, the solution to any problem begins with a step in a direction. And at least for now, that hazy mirage in the distance? A little more tangible(可触摸的)，a little less of a dream.
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
46. The problem with Course Smarts current digital textbooks is that they are no more than print versions put on a screen.
47. Digital textbooks haven't fixed all the shortcomings of print books.
48. One of the challenges to build an interactive digital textbook from the ground up is that it takes a great deal of manpower to put together each one.
49. Some students still use paper and pencil because they find it troublesome to take notes with an iPad.
50. According to the author, whether digital textbooks will catch on is still unclear.
51. Inkling's notation system is very exciting because one can share his learning experience with the best and brightest thinkers.
52. The biggest problem with traditional print textbooks is that they are not reused once a new edition comes out.
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53. One additional advantage of the interactive digital textbook is that professors can give prompt feedback to students' homework.
54. One problem for students to replace traditional textbooks with interactive digital ones is the high cost of the hardware.
55. Matt MacInnis describes the updated version of Inkling as a platform for building multimedia content.
第二篇 Section B Directions; In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions 6y marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. School Lunch
A) Ryan moved silently through the lunch line. The cook put a cheeseburger(奶酪汉堡) and an applesauce cup on his tray. He grabbed a bottle of milk from the cooler at the cad of the line and found a seat in the cafeteria(食堂).Ryan saw that his friend Tyler had brought lunch from home. \"What did you bring today, Tyler?\" he asked. Tyler pulled his meal out of its brown paper sack. “I’ve got a ham sandwich, chips, two cupcakes, and a can of soda.”Ryan's mouth started to water. \"Uh, Tyler,\" he said. \"If you don't want one of those cupcakes, I'll take it. They sure look good.\" Tyler handed Ryan his cupcake. \"Sure,\" he said. \"I won't eat all this.”
Lunch Requirements
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B） Is Ryan eating a healthy meal if he eats the school lunch? School lunch supporters say \"Yes.\" Recent studies show that a government-approved school lunch has more variety and is more nutritious(有营养的)than most lunches brought from home. It's also lower in fat.
C) The National School Lunch Act requires that school lunches go along with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans developed by the government. Meals must contain a variety of foods with plenty of grains and at least one fruit or vegetable each day. Foods must not contain too much sugar or salt. A hot lunch can contain up to 30% fat, but not more than 10% of its calories(卡路里)should come from saturated(饱和的)fat. In an average week, you should get one-third of the daily Recommended Dietary Allowances for protein, iron, calcium(钙)，and vitamins A and C from your school lunch.
Dare to Compare
D) Let's compare Rvan's and Tvler's meals to see which is healthier. Ryan's hot (without the cupcake from his friend) has 577 calories, 25 grams of total fat, and 12 grams of saturated fat. He had one serving of fruit, 26 grams of protein, and 483 milligrams of calcium. Ryan ate (39%) and saturated fat (19%) than the dietary guidelines recommend. However, more total schools can, still meet the guidelines by having the numbers average out over a week of lunches. Tyler's lunch from home (this includes both cupcakes) had 1 014 calories, 45 grams (40%) of total fat, and 10 Grams (9%) of saturated fat. He ate 21 grams of protein and 155 milligrams of calcium, but no fruits or vegetables. Tyler's meal met the saturated fat guidelines, but had too much total fat. Tyler ate more calories and total fat than Ryan did. Ryan ate more protein, calcium, and fruit than Tyler did. Which meal would you say is the healthier choice?
La Carte Options
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E） Federal standards and most school districts forbid selling food in the cafeteria that competes with the school lunch. Many programs do, however, offer la carte choices for students who don't want the hot meal. Foods sold la carte separate from the main meal and are priced individually. These foods do not to meet the same nutritional standards as the foods on the hot lunch menu. Neither do the foods sold at a snack-bar or those foods available elsewhere in the school.
F） A study in one Texas school district compared the lunches of fourth graders who did not have food choices with those of fifth graders who could choose either a standard lunch who did not have food or select from a snack- bar. The fourth graders ate 25% more fruits and vegetables than the fifth graders.
G） Food sold as fund-raisers can also have an impact on school lunch. The money raised is important to provide needed funds for many after-class activities. But the meal's overall nutritional quality usually down. Many of these foods are high in fat, sugar, or both, and often come in extra-large portions. Fund-raisers rarely sell fruits and vegetables.
Choosing Wisely
H) School food-service programs are trying to please students, and still offer quality, nutritious meals at low cost. That task isn't easy. One school district in New York decided to do something about it^ A student advisory board kept the food-service director up-to-date on what the kids wanted. They also worked with school snack-bars to sell smaller servings of chips and candy.
I） You can make healthy meal choices at school even when not-so-healthy choices are available. You can be sure to get a nutritious meal when you pick foods from the Food Guide Pyramid. For example, always drink milk or a calcium-rich juice for lunch. Even chocolate milk is more nutritious
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than soda or a sports drink. Stay away from snack foods offered la carte. They may fill you up now, but the ones that contain a lot of fat and sugar will slow you down later. Always eat the fruits and vegetables offered at the meal. They help give you the energy and vitamins you need to get you through the rest of your school day. Some people like to make fun of school lunches, but good nutrition is no laughing matter. Your school's hot lunch is based on the Food Guide Pyramid, so it's full of nutrition. Give it a try. You might be pleasantly surprised.
It’s a Team Effort
J） Team Nutrition is a program that gets schools excited about healthy eating. Schools across the nation pick a team leader who develops fun nutrition activities. The leader works with students, teachers, parents, food-service workers, and people from the community. Activities can range from running a school health fair to planting a garden. At the Jordan Community School in Chicago, Illinois, one group of fifth graders showed off their \"pizza (比萨饼) garden\" in a big, colorful poster showing vegetarian pizzas. The students and food-service staff planted and took care of the vegetables that they would later use as ingredients on their pizzas. The group started growing the plants in the school's cafeterias. Then they moved them outdoors to the students' demonstration garden. This is just one way to get everyone involved in making school lunch healthy and fun. Team up with your own group and see how creative you can get.
46. Foods provided la carte options in schools satisfy the needs of choosy students.
47. When Ryan saw Tyler he asked Tyler for a cupcake.
48. The Jordan Community School students eat pizzas with vegetables planted and took care of in their pizza garden.
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49. According to a federal law, school lunches must comply with government-developed dietary guidelines.
50. Tyler's home-prepared meal provides less protein, calcium and fruit than Ryan's school lunch.
51. According to the author, food sold as fund-raisers is lacking in nutritional quality.
52. The student advisory board keeps the food-service director up-to-date about students' needs.
53. Recent studies show government-approved school lunch compares favorably with home-made lunch.
54. Students are advised to stay away from snack foods offered la carte because their extra fat and sugar will make them slow down.
55. Team Nutrition is a program that tries to engage everyone in making school lunch healthy and fun.
Keys: 第一篇（46.D47.B48.I49.C50.K51.G52.A53.G54.J55.E）第二篇
（46.E47.A48.J49.C50.D51.G52.H53.B54.I55.J）
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