虚拟语气知识要点
一、语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事
情的看法和态度。英语中有三种语气：
1. 述语气：表示谓语动词表示的动作/状态符合客观现实。 2. 祁使语气：表示号召、命令、建议、劝告、警告、禁止等。 3. 虚拟语气：表示动作/状态不是客观现实，而是愿望、假
设、推测等。
二、虚拟语气的构成 If条件句 ① Should + 动词原与将来的事实相反 形 would/should/could/might 主句 ② were to + 动词原+ 动词原形 形 与现在的事实① 动词过去式+… 相反 ② were +… would/should/could/might + 动词原形 与过去的事实相反 例：
① had + 过去分词 would/should/could/might + have + 动词原形 ○ 与将来的事实相反：
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1. If Professor Li shouldhave time tomorrow, we couldask him some questions.
2. If there shouldbe no air, there wouldbe no living things.
3. If it weretosnow tomorrow, they couldn’tgoout. ○ 与现在的事实相反：
1. If it rained now, Iwouldnotgo shopping. 2. If Iwere a teacher, Iwouldbe strict with my students.
3. If it werenot for their help, we shouldbe in a very
difficult position. ○ 与过去的事实相反：
1. If Ihadcome yesterday, Iwouldhaveseen him. 2. If we hadstarted earlier, we shouldnothavemissed
the train.
3. If she hadn’tbeen ill, she mighthavecome. ***请注意三种特殊情况：
○上面的句子大多都可以改成倒装句，这时If就省略了，
同学们要能识别出来。如：
1. Shouldthere be no air, there wouldbe no living things.
2. Were it not for their help, we shouldbe in a very
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difficult position.
3. Had she not been ill, she mighthavecome. ○错综时间条件句。即，主句与从句所指的时间不一致。 1. If Iwere you, Iwouldhavetaken his advice. (从
句指现在，主句指过去。)
2. If Ihadtaken my raincoat with me this morning,
Iwouldnotbe wet now. (从句指过去，主句指现在。) ○含蓄条件句。即，虚拟的情况并不以条件句表示出来，而
是暗含在上下文中。
1. But for your advice, Icouldnothavedone it so
successfully.
2. The change couldnothavetakenplace without the
open-door policy.
3. Iwas so busy then, otherwise, Iwouldhavetold him
the answer.
4. We couldhavedone better under more favorable
conditions.
5. You shouldhavebeen here five minutes ago.
三、were 式虚拟 ○ It’s (about/high) time that … + 过去式 1. It’s time that Ipickedup my daughter. 2. It’s high time we were going.
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3. It’s high time that people learntEnglish. ○ would/had rather that … + 过去式 1. I’d rather you went tomorrow. 2. I’d rather you were happy.
(***请注意：有时would rather 也会接过去完成时。) 1. I’d rather you hadn’t said it. 2. I’d rather you had been present. ○
as if as though even if even though + 过去完成时 从句动作发生在过去 + 一般过去时 从句动作发生在现在 如：1. You looks as if you hadseen a ghost!
2. He talks as if he were an expert in economics.
3. Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.
(***请注意：as if/though 后的从句假设表示真实情况时，用述语气，不用虚拟语气。如：It seems as if they know each other.)
○虚拟语气用在if only 引导的感慨句中，其后的时态根据
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具体情况而定。如：
1. If only the driver didn’tdrive so fast! 2. If only Iwere a bird.
3. If only Ihadtaken his advice. ○wish之后的虚拟语气较为复杂。
与现在的事实相反 ①were +… ②could + 动词原形 ①过去完成时 ②could + 现在完成时 wish 与过去的事实相反 与将来的事实相反 ①would + 动词原形 如：1. IwishIwere you again.
2. IwishIcouldhelp you.
3. My father wishes that hehadgone to university. 4. IwishIcouldhavebeen there last year. 5. Iwish that he wouldsettle down here.
四、be 式虚拟 ○有些形容词之后的主语从句用should + 动词原形,
should 可省略。包括：necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising, essential, imperative, advisable,
desirable,
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possible, probable,
.
astonishing, desired, suggested, requested, recommended, ordered, proposal, decided, moved, incredible等。如：
1. It is necessary that we(should) clean the room
every day. 2.
It
will
be
desired/suggested/decided/ordered/requested that she (should) finish her homework this afternoon.
○有些名词之后的主语从句用should + 动词原形, should 可省略。如，It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that you (should) be so careless.
○有些动词之后的宾语从句用should + 动词原形, should
可省略。包括：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest, recommend, plan, arrange, command, require, think, expect, believe, suspect, urge等。
1. She suggestedwe (should) leave here at once. 2. The doctor ordered she (should) be operated. ○有些名词之后的表语/同位语从句用should + 动词原形,
should 可省略。包括：suggestion, proposal, plan,
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motion, recommendation, demand, order, desire, request,
requirement,
insistence,
advice,
decision, idea等。如：
1. My suggestion is that we (should) go there at once. 2. What do you think of the proposalthat we (should)
put on a play at the English evening?
○for fear that, in case, lest等之后的状语从句用
should + 动词原形, should 可省略。如，He handled the instrument with care forfearthat it (should) be damaged.
***请注意：当insist表示“坚持认为〞， suggest表示“说明，显示〞时，不用虚拟语气。如：
1. The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with whatI had done for him. 2. He insistedthat he was honest.
○I’m sorry/surprised/disappointed + 从句。从句中
的虚拟语气为“should + 动词原形〞。如;
I am sorry that he should bein such poor health.
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真题回忆(共24题)
2004年〔2题〕
6. your advice yesterday, I would have missed the
train.
A. Had I not taken B. If I didn’t take C. If I haven’t taken D. Provided I didn’t
take
25. It is high time that you the problem carefully
about what you will do in the future. A. are studied B. must study
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C. studied D. study
2005年〔2题〕
12. We are all for your proposal that the discussion . A. be put off B. was put off C. will be put off D. should put off 25. Mr. Smith would just rather we now, but we must
go to work.
A. not leave B. didn’t leave C. are not to leave D. won’t leave 2006年〔5题〕
23. I _____ a little earlier, but I met a friend of mine on the way. (含蓄条件句)
A. should arrive B. would be arriving C. could have arrived D. arrived
29. I wouldrather you _____ to the party with her.
A. go B. went C. will go D. has gone
33. It’shightime we _____ something to stop road accidents.
A. are doing B. did C. will do D. do
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35. It’s necessary that the problem _____ in some way or other.
A. is settled B has been settled C. be settled D. was settled 40. I wish you _____ here last night. All of us were
waiting for your arrival.
A. came B. had come C. come D. will come 2007年〔2题〕
11. One of the requirements for a fire is that the
material to its burning temperature.
A. is heated B. will be heated C. be heated D. would be heated 13. If he had been in better health, he more books. A. can write B. could have written C. could write D. have written 2008年〔2题〕
8. It’s high time about the traffic problem. A. something was done B. something is done C. anything will be done D. nothing to be done 21. I’m not surprised you failed the exam. You have
worked harder.(含蓄条件句)
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A. should B. must C. would D. ought 2009年〔1题〕
6. The teacher insisted that we our homework before
9 o’clock.
A. finished B. had finished C. finish D. was finishing 2010年〔2题〕
10. I passed the test. I it without your help. 〔含蓄条件句〕
A. would not pass B. wouldn’t have passed C. didn’t pass D. had not passed 20. It is necessary that he the task by the end of next
week.
A. fulfill B. will fulfill C. will have fulfilled D. fulfills 2011年〔3题〕
6. right now, she would get there on Sunday. 〔虚拟语气的倒装〕
A. Would she leave B. If she leave C. Were she to leave D. If she had left 14. I don’t think it advisable that Tom to the job
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since he has no experience.
A. is assigned B. will be assigned C. be assigned D. has been assigned 37. for your help, we wouldn’t have succeeded. 〔虚拟语气的倒装〕
A. Hadn’t it been B. Had it not been C. If it had been D. If it were 2013年〔5题〕
11. My advice is that she to apologize to him. A. go B. went C. goes D. has gone
15. If it too much trouble, I’d love a cup of tea. 〔含蓄条件句〕
A. isn’t B. weren’t C. wasn’t D. hadn’t been 26. You didn’t take his advice. his advice,
you such a mistake.
A. Had you taken; wouldn’t have made B. If you had taken; would make
C. Were you to take; shouldn’t have made D. Have you taken; won’t have made
28. He asks that he an opportunity to explain why he’s
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refused to go there.
A. is given B. must give C. should give D. be given 29. I am sorry that he in such poor health. A. are B. shall be C. were D. should be
补充练习
1. “I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy present.〞“It’s time you .〞 A. do B. did C. had D. would
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for her .
2. “I’ve told everyone about it.〞“Oh, I’d rather you .〞
A. don’t B. hadn’t C. couldn’t D. wouldn’t
3. “Isn’t it about time you to do morning exercises?〞“Yes, it is. Would you like to join us?〞 A. begin B. have begun C. began D. had begun
4. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if
I in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda CoxLibrary in my hometown.
A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall
5. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball,
otherwise he a goal.
A. had scored B. scored
C. would score D. would have scored
6. If only he quietly as the doctor instructed, he
would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie
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7. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat,
the earth at night for us to live.
A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing
coldly
C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly 8. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion.
Otherwise, she something she would regret later. A. had said B. said
C. might say D. might have said
9. You didn’t let me drive. If we in turn, You so
tired.
A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get C. were driving; wouldn’t get
D. had driven; wouldn’t have got
10. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it
looks as if it .
A. breaks B. has broken
C. were broken D. had been broken
11. But for the help you gave me, I the examinations A. would have passed. B. would pass C. wouldn’t have passed D. wouldn’t pass 12. Zhang Lin was addicted to computer games during
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his last year in high school, otherwise he a student of BeijingUniversity. A. would have been B. should be C. has been D. had been
13. ---- Any information about your son? ---- No. If only I those tough words to him. A. didn’t say B. hadn’t say
C. shouldn’t have said D. couldn’t have said 14. It is important that we act out at once to protect
the environment. A. would B. should C. will D. can
15. John’s pale face suggested that he ill, and his
parents suggested that he a medical examination. A. be, should have B. was, have C. should be, had D. was, has
16. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he
badly wounded and that he at once. A. should be; be operated on B. were; must be operated on C. was; should be operated D. was; be operated on
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17. smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give D. If he gave up
18. He did not regret saying what he did but felt thathe
it differently.
A. could express B. would express
C. could have expressed D. must have expressed 19. This printer is of good quality. If it break down
within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
A. would B. should C. could D. might
20. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t
think we it without you.
A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed
〔练习答案：BBCBDCADDC CABBBDBCBB〕
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