一、单选题
1. ( ) deals with how language is acquired, understood and produced. A.Sociolinguistics B.Psycholinguistics C.Neurolinguistics
D.Anthropological linguistics
2. ( )deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space. A.Linguistic geography B.Lexicology C.Lexicography D.Socialinguistics
3.( )studies the total stock of morphemes of a language, particularly those items which have clear semantic references. A.Phonology B.Lexicography C.Lexicology D.Morphology
4. Which two words are NOT antonyms? A.Father and son B.Male and female C.Doctor and patient D.Wolf and fox
5. The word bead originally meant prayer, but now it refers to the rosary used in prayer. This is an example of( ).
A.narrowing of meaning B.widening of meaning C.meaning shift D.loss of meaning
6. Which of the following is true? A.Earthward is a compound word.
B.Earthward contains two free morphemes.
C.Earthward is a derivational word with three morphemes.
D.Earthward contains one free morpheme and one bound morpheme.
7. Which of the following words is NOT the hyponym of the word furniture? A.wardrobe B.carnation C.desk D.dresser
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8. Which of the following about language is NOT correct? A.Language is arbitrary. B.Language is vocal.
C.Language is a system which consists of two levels: sounds and meaning. D.Language is affixed system and is not productive.
9. The word orator originally meant speaker; but now it signifies the person who makes speech. This is an example of( ). A.narrowing of meaning B.widening of meaning C.meaning shift D.loss of meaning
10. The same one word may have more than one meaning. This is what we call ____. A.Synonymy B.Homonymy C.Polysemy D.Antonymy
11. Which of the following about bound morpheme is NOT true? A.Bound morphemes can not occur unattached.
B.Bound morphemes are never words but always parts of words. C.All the prefixed are bound morphemes.
D.Sometimes we can use bound morphemes alone.
12. Which of the following word contains two morphemes? A.Physic
B.Uninhabitable C.Disapproved D.Faddism
13. Which of the following is NOT the synonym of the word die? A.Kick the bucket B.Pop off C.Commence D.Pass away
14. Which of the following is a compound word? A.Conversation B.Comparable C.Entertaining D.Sunflower
15. The word task originally meant money to be paid by people or business to a government for public purposes, but now it refers to work that has to be done. This is an example of( ). A.narrowing of meaning B.widening of meaning
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C.meaning shift D.loss of meaning
16.The most basic element of meaning is traditionally called( ). A.free morpheme B.bound morpheme C.morpheme D.morphology
17. Which of the following words has most morphemes? A.undertake B.undesirability C.pickpocket D.announcement
18. Which of the following is a derivational word? A.into B.dutyfree C.throughout D.nationalization
19. The word girls originally meant young people, and now it refers to young ladies. This is an example of( ). A.meaning shift
B.widening of meaning C.narrowing of meaning D.loss of meaning
20. Which of the following words contains one bound morpheme? A.Disappearance B.Physician C.Desirability D.Untouchable
21.( )refers to the study of the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed.
A.Morphology B.Semantics C.Syntax D.Phonology
22.( ) is a unit of expression which has universal intuitive recognition by native-speakers, whether it is expressed in spoken or written form. A.Morpheme B.Word C.Root D.Stem
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23. Which of the following words is NOT formed through derivation? A.Foolish B.Clockwise C.Babysit D.Earthward
24.( )refers to the sameness or close similarity of meaning. A.Polysemy B.Homonymy C.Antonymy D.Synonymy
25. Which of the following is NOT one of the major branches of linguistics? A.Phonetics B.Syntax C.Synchronic D.Semantics
26.( )can be simply defined as the study of meaning. A.Syntax B.Semantics C.Pragmatics D.Linguistics
27. Which of the following is a compound word? A.Unsad
B.Unsimplified C.Sincerity D.Undertake
28.Which of the following does NOT contain one morpheme? A.Table B.Often C.Desirable D.Life
29.( )is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. A.Linguistics B.Syntax
C.Morphology D.Language
30. Which term of the following is used for oppositeness of meaning? A.Homonymy B.Polysemy C.Antonymy
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D. Synonymy
31. Which of the following is not one kind of semantic changes? A.broadening.
B.meaning shifting. C.class shift.
D.word-formation.
32. The stem of disagreements is( ). A.agreement B.agree C.disagree
D.disagreement
33.( )is a clipping word. A.sitcom B.telex C.smog D.fridge
34. All of the following words are acronyms except( ). A.ad. B.OPEC C.NATO D.UNESCO
35. Which one of the following words is not open class word? A.noun B.pronoun C.adjective D.verb
36. Morpheme that can occur ‘unattached” are called( )morpheme. A.inflectional B.bound C.free
D.derivational
37. The functional morphemes include except( ). A.conj B.prep C.pronouns D.adv
38. Tone refers to the use of pitch at( )level. A.word B.phrase
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C.sentence
D.both phrase and sentence
39. The three –consonant combinations in onset position are as follows except( ). A./spl/ B./sgl/ C./spr/ D./skw/
40. Which of the following syllable is an open syllable? A.code B.read C.tea D.write
41. The three variants of the plural form in English are applied in the following fashion except( ).
A.the /s/ appears after voiceless sounds
B.the /z/ appears after voiced sounds.(All vowels are voiced) C.the /əz/ appears after sibilants
D.the/z/ appears after voiceless sounds
42. English Phonology is not interested in( ). A.the actual production of English sounds B. the function of sounds
C. patterns of combination of sounds D. investigates the sound system
43. [i:], [i], [e] are all( )vowels. A.front B.central C.back D.high
44. Which of the following sounds is a voiced bilabial stop? A.\"[m]\" B.\"[v]\" C.\"[p]\" D.\"[b]\"
45. There are( )nasals in English? A.one B.two C.three D.four
46. Which is NOT a Nasal vowel?
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A.kin B.got C.gone D.chin
47. Which position of the vocal cords can produce voiceless sounds? A.close B.apart C.half close D.totally close
48. Which of the following descriptions is not the nature of language? A.Language is a system. B.Language is symbolic. C.Language is complicated.
D.Language is double-structured.
49. The word “kung-fu” is( ). A.a clipped one B.a blended one C.a compound one D.a borrowed one
50. The word “motherboard” is( ). A.a clipped one B.a blended one C.a compound one D.an acronym
51.Which of the following is not a free morpheme? A.Bed B.Tree C.Dance D.children
52.All the following words contain the inflectional affixes except( ). A.Cares B.Faster C.Careful D.books
53.There are( )morphemes in the word “undesirability”. A.Three B.Four C.Five D.six
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54.Which of the following is NOT a compound word? A.Rainbow B.Blackboard C.icy-cold D.unpleasant
55.What is the minimal unit of meaning? A.Phoneme B.morpheme C.allomorph D.allophone
56.Morphology is the study of( ).
A.the internal structure of words and the rules that govern their formation. B.the uses of different types of utterances in different context
C.the differences between sounds used in human languages and sounds in nature. D.the rules that pertain to all languages throughout the world.
57.( )are not a minimal pair of in English. A.“sink” and “zinc” B.“find” and “fine” C.“bat” and “pat” D.“teach” and “cheat”
58.The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the( )of that phoneme. A.Minimal B.allomorph C.phones D.allophones
59.In English, there is only one glottal. It is( ). A.\"[f]\" B.\"[r]\" C.\"[h]\" D.\"[v]\"
60./kuku:/ is a bird’s call. The name of such a bird is CUCKOO which is an example of( ). A.language universals B.Onomatopoeia C.teaching grammar D.morphs
61.In English –ise and –tion are called( ). A.prefixes B.suffixes C.infixes
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D.free morphemes
62./w/, /j/ belong to( ). A.fricatives B.dentals C.glides D.nasals
63.Classification of vowels is made up of the followings except( ). A.the position of the tongue B.the openness of the mouth C.the shape of the lip D.the width of the vowels
64.Which of the following is the rounded vowel? A.\"[i:]\" B.\"[u:]\" C.\"[i]\" D.\"[a:]\"
65.( )is a phonetic unit or segmental. A.phoneme B.phone
C.minimal pairs D.allophones
66.Which of the following ways of classifying English consonants is not in terms of manner of articulation? A.Stops B.bilabial C.fricative D.glides
67.Which of the following is not Halliday’s view of functions of language? A.ideational function B.metalingual function C.interpersonal function D.textual function
68.According to the componential analysis, the words “girl” and “woman” differ in the feature of( ).
A.HUMAN B.ANIMATE C.MALE D.ADULT
69.Linguistics gives priority to the spoken language instead of the written language because( ).
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A.vocal sounds are derived from written systems B.speech precedes writing everywhere in the world C.we have recording devices to study speech
D.spoken language precedes written language only in Indo-European
70.All human languages are organized on two levels: the sound level---meaningless, the grammatical level---meaningful. This means language has the design feature of( ). A.creative B.changeable C.arbitrary D.duality
71.( )are two sub-branches of linguistics that study the units at the grammatical level. A.morphology and semantics B.morphology and syntax C.semantic and syntax
D.morphology and phonology
72.Which of the following statements about language is not true?
A.Language means the system of pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary.
B.Language means a particular type or style of language used for a particular purpose. C.Language refers to the common features of all human languages. D.Language includes animal and artificial features of language.
73.Children can speak before they can read or write shows that( ). A.language is basically vocal B.language is arbitrary
C.language is used for communication D.language is productive
74.The distinction between competence and performance is similar to the distinction between( ). A.perspective and descriptive B.synchronic and diachronic C.speech and writing D.langue and parole
75.Competence refers to( ).
A.knowledge of meaning of words and sentence
B.the actual realization of the language user’s knowledge of the rules in utterance. C.the ideal language user’s knowledge of the rules of his language. D.what speakers can actually do with language.
76.( )is regarded as the “father of modern linguistics”? A.Chomsky B.Saussure C.Halliday D.Whorf
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77.The term( )linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages. A.synchronic B.diachronic C.comparative
D.historical comparative
78.Which of the following items is not a design feature of human language? A.Competence B.Arbitrariness C.Displacement D.Productivity
79.Which of the following words is the entire arbitrary one? A.Crash B.Book
C.Newspaper D.Beautiful
80.If the study of meaning is conducted in the context of language use, a branch of linguistic study called( )come into being. A.syntax B.semantics C.pragmatics D.morphology
二、判断题
81.conceptual meaning: is the first type of meaning recognized by Leech, which he defined as the logical, cognitive, or denotative content. In other words, it overlaps to a large extent with the notion of reference. But Leech also uses “sense” as a briefer term for his conceptual meaning. As a result, Leech’s conceptual meaning has two sides: sense and reference.
82.sense: In contrast to reference, sense may be defined as the semantic relations between one word and another, or more generally between one linguistic unit and another. It is concerned with the intralinguistic relations.
83.reference: a set of fall-rise patterns affecting the meanings of individual words.
84.antonymy: is the technical name for one of the sense relations between linguistic units, namely the sameness relation.
85.construction: refers to any syntactic construction which is assigned one or more conventional functions in a language, together with whatever is linguistically conventionalized about its contribution to the meaning or use construct contains. It can be further divided into the external and internal properties. Take the sentence The boy kicked the ball. as an example, we will
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determine the external syntax as an independent clause, while NP (“the boy”), VP (“kicked”) and NP (“the ball”) will be assigned respectively to the different elements in this clause.
86.cohesion:refers to relations of meaning that exist within the text, and that define it as a text. The cohesive devices usually include: conjunction, ellipse, lexical collocation, lexical repetition, reference, substitution, and so on. In the following example, the cohesive device is “Reference”, that is, “it” refers back to the door: He couldn’t open the door. It was locked tight.
87.semantics: The study of the rules governing the ways different constituents are combined to form sentences in a language, or the study of the interrelationships between elements in sentence structures.
88.blending:is a relatively complex form of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining together the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by only joining the initial parts of the two words. For example, telephone+exchange→telex; transfer+ resister→transistor.
89.lexical word:refers to those which mainly work for referring to substance, action and quality, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. Lexical words carry the main content of a language. So lexical words are also known as Content Words.
90.inflection:is the manifestation of grammatical relationship through the addition of inflectional affixes such as number, person, finiteness, aspect and cases to which they are attached.
91.descriptive:to make an objective and systematic account of the patterns and use of a language or variety.
92.matalanguage:a language used for talking about words and sentences.
93.prescriptive: to make authoritarian statement about the correctness of a particular use of language.
94.diachronic:said of the study of development of language and languages over time.
95.synchronic:said of an approach that studies language at a theoretical “point” in time.
96.A Phoneme is a minimal distinctive unit in the sound system of a language. A Phone is the realization of any phoneme. Anallophone is the realization of a particular phoneme. A Phoneme is more abstract than a phone or an allophone and it is not directly observable. Either a phone or an allophone is the realization of a phoneme. But the former is a general term which is used without reference to a particular phoneme, while the latter is always related to a specific phoneme. In order to make a distinction between a phoneme and its allophones, the former is between two slanting lines / / and the latter is in a square bracket [ ].
97.syntagmatic relation is a relation between one item and others in a sequence, or between elements which are all present, such as the relation between whether and others in the following sentence: If the weather is nice, we’ll go out.
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98.Word formation, in its restricted sense, refers to the process of word variations signaling
syntactic relationships. It can be further subclassified into the compositional type (compound) and the derivational type (derivation).
99.[i:], [i], [e] are all back vowels.
100.poetry unit of poetic meter: a basic unit of rhythm in poetry, made up of a fixed combination of stressed and unstressed or long and short syllables.
语言学概论（英语）——在线考试复习资料答案
一、单选题
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.C 6.D 7.B 8.D 9.A 10.C 11.D 12.D 13.C 14.D 15.B 16.C 17.B 18.D
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19.C 20.B 21.A 22.B 23.C 24.D 25.C 26.B 27.D 28.C 29.D 30.C 31.D 32.D 33.D 34.A 35.B 36.C 37.D 38.A 39.B 40.C 41.D
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42.A 43.A 44.D 45.C 46.B 47.B 48.C 49.D 50.C 51.D 52.B 53.B 54.D 55.B 56.A 57.D 58.D 59.C 60.B 61.B 62.C 63.D 64.B 65.B
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66.B 67.B 68.D 69.B 70.D 71.B 72.D 73.A 74.D 75.C 76.B 77.B 78.A 79.B 80.C
二、判断题
81.正确
82.正确
83.错误
84.错误
85.正确
86.正确
87.错误
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88.正确
89.正确
90.正确
91.正确
92.错误
93.正确
94.正确
95.正确
96.正确
97.正确
98.错误
99.错误
100.正确
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